Biodiversity, Species & Taxonomy

Question 1

Definition for biodiversity

Answer 1

The number of species and the number of individuals of each of the different species within one community

Question 2

Definition Species richness

Answer 2

The number of different species in a community

Question 3

Definition community

Answer 3

All the individuals of all the species living together in the same area at the same time

Question 4

Definition species

Answer 4

Group of similar organisms and with the same genes.
Reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 5

Definition Genetic diversity

Answer 5

Difference in :
- DNA
- Base sequence
- Alleles
- Genes

Question 6

Definition Niche

Answer 6

Organisms role in the ecosystem / community

Question 7

Definition habitats

Answer 7

A place where an organism normally lives within an ecosystem

Question 8

Why can’t 2 species occupy the same Niche

Answer 8

Due to interspecific competition

Question 9

What information is required to calculate diversity index

Answer 9

1. Number of species
2. Number of individuals in each species

Question 10

What does greater diversity mean on the ecosystem stability

Answer 10

1. More favourable climate
2. More nutrients
3. More shelter/space available
4. Greater range of species

Question 11

High diversity means more stable ecosystem, why?

Answer 11

Wide variety of organisms ~
So disease & change in climate
Less likely to affect every organism
So ecosystem continues to exist

Question 12

Why is low diversity index refers as unstable

Answer 12

1. Consists of few organisms
2. If they die then
3. Severely affects ecosystem

Question 13

Suggest one economic argument for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 13

1. Medical and pharmaceutical use
2. Commercial products
3. Tourism
4. Agriculture
5. Saving local forest communities

Question 14

What does farming reduce

Answer 14

Species diversity

Question 15

When land is cleared why is species diversity decreased?

Answer 15

1. Decrease in variety of plants
2. Decrease in animals
3. Reduced variety of food
4. Reduce niche / habitats
5. Killing of insects

Question 16

What does pesticide and herbicide do to species diversity?

Answer 16

Kill unwanted species

Question 17

What does fertiliser do to species diversity?

Answer 17

Designed to encourage growth of specific crops

Question 18

What’s classification?

Answer 18

Grouping of organisms

Question 19

What’s taxonomy?

Answer 19

Theory and practice of classification
(So naming & grouping organisms according to shared characteristics)

Question 20

Binomial system meaning?

Answer 20

Each species has a two word scientific name
(Name is universal based on Latin & Greek names)

Question 21

How the binomial naming system structured?

Answer 21

First word - Genus name
second word - species name

Question 22

Explain what is meant by hierarchy?

Answer 22

1. Groups within groups
2. No overlap between groups

Question 23

How many levels of taxa are there?

Answer 23

8 levels

Question 24

What is the highest taxonomic rank?

Answer 24

Domain

Question 25

How many groupings are there in Domain?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

What are the 3 groupings in domain?

Answer 26

- Bacteria - Archaea ( a group of prokaryotes) - Eukarya

Question 27

What does Bacteria have?

Answer 27

- No membrane bound organelles - 70s ribosomes - Cell wall made from murein - single loop DNA - Circular DNA - Not associated with his tones

Question 28

Archaea resembles bacteria but they differ how?

Answer 28

- Genes & protein synthesis mechanisms more similar to eukaryotes - Fatty acid & Glycerol molecules joined by ether bond than ester bond - No murein in cell wall - More complex RNA polymerase

Question 29

Eukarya domain is divided into how many kingdoms?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What are the 4 kingdoms divided from Eukarya domain?

Answer 30

- Protista - Fungi - Plantae - Animalia

Question 31

What is the hierarchy made up of?

Answer 31

(Delicious) - Domain (King) - Kingdom (Prawn) - Phylum (Curry) - Class (Or) - Order (Fat) - family (Greasy) - Genus (Sausage) - species

Question 32

Explain what is meant by phylogenetic group?

Answer 32

Grouped according to : - evolutionary links - history - relationship - common ancestor