Bioenergetics

Question 1

“Biochemical thermodynamics”

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

ALL Biochemical reactions follow the law of thermodynamics. T/F

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Bioenergetics is the transfer of one energy to another. T/F?

Answer 3

T

Question 4

The 1st law of thermodynamics states that

Answer 4

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but can transform from one type to another.

Question 5

The total energy of the universe remains _______.

Answer 5

Constant

Question 6

Measure of the extent of randomness or disorder in a system

Answer 6

Entropy

Question 7

State of matter with lowest entropy, high degree of orderliness.

Answer 7

Solid

Question 8

State of matter with intermediate entropy

Answer 8

Liquid

Question 9

State of matter with highest entropy, most disordered (especially
in high temp)

Answer 9

Gas

Question 10

What is 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Answer 10

The total entropy of a system must increase If a reaction must occur simultaneously

Question 11

Equation of Gibson free energy.

Answer 11

change in G= Gproduct - G reacant

Question 12

Non-spontaneous rxn

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Proceeds from higher to a lower energy level

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 13

B

Question 14

Gain in free energy

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 14

A

Question 15

Loss or release of free energy

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Spontaneous (forward)

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 16

B

Question 17

“Downhill reactions”

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Proceeds from lower to a higher energy level

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Irreversible reaction

Answer 19

Exergonic

Question 20

Reversible rxn

Answer 20

Endergonic

Question 21

Catabolic/degradation rxn is under

Answer 21

Exergonic

Question 22

Anabolic / Biosynthetic Reactions is under

Answer 22

Endergonic

Question 23

What is coupling reaction?

Answer 23

This is the linkage of endergonic and exergonic rxn to aid endergonic rxn to occur.

Question 24

When metabolite A is converted to metabolite B, __________ is released.

Answer 24

Free energy

Question 25

Majority of the free energy released during fuel oxidation is in the form of ________

Answer 25

Chemical energy

Question 26

Excess amount of free energy not used for work is transformed to _______

Answer 26

Heat

Question 27

2 mechanisms of coupling reactions

Answer 27

Formation of common obligatory intermediate (I) | Formation of high energy intermediate compound (~E)

Question 28

What is the ~E in living cells

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

3 Phosphate groups linked together by ______ high-energy phosphate bonds (gamma γ & beta β phosphate bonds)

Answer 29

2

Question 30

The 2 phosphodiester bond that links the ATPs 3 phosphate group is an example of High energy intermediate. T/F

Answer 30

T

Question 31

α-phosphate bond linked to the 5’ oxygen of the ribose is a high-energy phosphate bond, but only a phosphate ester bond. T/F

Answer 31

F. IT IS NOT. It is just a regular phosphodiester bond.

Question 32

Chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the H+ and OH of water

Answer 32

Hydrolysis

Question 33

ATP hydrolysis release ________ amount of energy

Answer 33

(-7.3kcal/mol)

Question 34

universal currency in the biological system.

Answer 34

ATP

Question 35

Hydrolys of AMP produce ______ amount of energy

Answer 35

(-3.4kcal/mol)

Question 36

AMP is considered a high-energy phosphate bond. T/F

Answer 36

FALSE. It is a normal phosphate-ester link

Question 37

What is more useful: ΔG or ΔGo?

Answer 37

ΔG is more useful because it uses actual conditions of the cell

Question 38

greatest quantitative source of high-energy phosphates in aerobic (requires oxygen) organisms

Answer 38

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 39

greatest quantitative source of high-energy phosphates in aerobic (requires oxygen) organisms

Answer 39

``` ● Oxidative Phosphorylation ● Glycolysis → Pyruvate Kinase → Phosphoglycerate Kinase ● Citric Acid Cycle → Succinate thiokinase ```

Question 40

3 irreversible steps in glycolysis

Answer 40

- glucose to G6P - fructose to 1,6 biphosphate - phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvic acid

Question 41

Keq < 1, ΔGo = (+)

Answer 41

Endergonic

Question 42

Keq > 1, ΔGo = (-)

Answer 42

Exergonic

Question 43

Keq = 1, ΔGo = 0

Answer 43

No change in free energy