bioenergetics Flashcards
(24 cards)
photosynthesis =
the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.
Write down the word equation for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide + Water —-(light)—–> Oxygen + Glucose
write down the symbol equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O —–(light)—-> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis is affected by limiting factors.
What is meant by the term ‘limiting factor’?
A factor which is not at an optimum level to enable maximum rate of photosynthesis e.g. temperature
Name the green pigment present in plant cells.
Chlorophyll.
What is the role of this green pigment?
To transfer energy from the environment and use it to
synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
List three ways glucose produced by photosynthesis is used in plants?
Used for respiration; used to produce fats or oils for storage; used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis; converted into insoluble starch for storage; used to produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls
Respiration is an ____________ ________ which means energy is transferred to the environment.
exothermic reaction
The word equation which represents aerobic respiration is
glucose + oxygen ——–> carbon dioxide + water
The balanced symbol equation which represents aerobic respiration is
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Aerobic respiration occurs inside __________ continuously
mitochondria
Aerobic respiration releases a ________ amount of energy from each glucose molecule
large
aerobic respiration requires ….
oxygen
anaerobic respiration ….
does not require oxygen
anaerobic respiration equation:
glucose —–> lactic acid
Glucose is not completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water, so less energy is transferred. An end product called _________ ______ is formed.
lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration also occurs in ….
plant and yeast cells
anaerobic respiration equations:
glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide
Why is fermentation of economic importance?
Used in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks.
Describe three ways in which the body responds to vigorous exercise in order to ensure sufficient oxygen reaches the muscle cells.
Increase in heart rate; increase in breathing rate and increase in breath volume.
Carbohydrate - made of:
Many glucose molecules.
Lipid - made of:
1 molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acid.
Protein - made of:
Many amino acids
What is the definition of metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all reactions which occur in a cell or body
