Bioenergetics Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. carbon dioxide + water —(with light energy)—> glucose + oxygen
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
The two stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.
What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?
A limiting factor is a condition that can slow down or stop photosynthesis if it is in short supply.
How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis initially increases, but it will eventually plateau when another factor becomes limiting.
How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?
Increasing carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis until the plant reaches its maximum rate.
How does temperature affect photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature up to an optimum point, after which it decreases due to enzyme denaturation.
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water).
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria of cells.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is the process of producing energy without oxygen, resulting in the production of lactic acid in animals and ethanol in plants and yeast.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
glucose → lactic acid + energy released
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy released
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less ATP.
What is the role of ATP in the cell?
ATP provides energy for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis.
What is the effect of exercise on respiration?
During exercise, the rate of respiration increases to supply muscles with more ATP, and anaerobic respiration may occur if oxygen is limited.
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed to break down lactic acid and restore the body to its resting state after anaerobic respiration.
Required Practical: Investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis using pondweed.
Measure the number of oxygen bubbles produced by pondweed in different light intensities. Use a lamp at various distances to change light intensity. Count the bubbles produced in a fixed time to determine the rate of photosynthesis.
What is the importance of the limiting factors in commercial greenhouses?
Limiting factors such as light, temperature, and carbon dioxide are controlled in commercial greenhouses to maximize the rate of photosynthesis and increase crop yield.
What is the role of glucose produced in photosynthesis?
Glucose produced in photosynthesis is used for respiration, making cellulose, making amino acids, stored as starch, and converted to fats and oils.
