Bioenergetics

Question 1

Unit measuring the energy value of foods, calibrated by quantity of heat required to raise temperature of 1 gram of water by one degree Celsius

Answer 1

Calorie

Question 2

Unit of energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of kilo gram of water by one degree Celsius

Answer 2

Kilocalorie

Question 3

Is the measurement of heat generated as a result of metabolism

Answer 3

Direct calorimetry

Question 4

Represents the actual energy that the body will yield from the foods it consumes, how the body digests

Answer 4

Coefficient of digestiibility

Question 5

Protein that catalysed a biochemical reaction or change

Answer 5

Enzyme

Question 6

Organic compound found in muscle and other tissues that catalyzes the reversible conversion of ADP and phosphocreatine into ATP and creatine

Answer 6

Creatine kinase

Question 7

The process of adding an inorganic phosphate back to a molecule such as ADP

Answer 7

Re-phosphorylate

Question 8

Process of energy production in the body in the absence of freely available oxygen

Answer 8

Anaerobic

Question 9

Metabolic process that breaks down carbs and sugar, through series of pyruvic acid or lactic acid, releasing energy for the body in the form of ATP

Answer 9

Glycolysis

Question 10

Intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

Chemical reaction where the variation of free energy is negative, identifying the direction that the reaction will follow

Answer 11

Exergonic reaction

Question 12

Energy substrate produced during the metabolic breakdown of glucose

Answer 12

Lactic acid

Question 13

Energy substrate deemed as the end product in glycolysis

Answer 13

Pyruvate

Question 14

Physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion

Answer 14

Fatigue

Question 15

Buffered from lactic acid which can serve as an additional energy source

Answer 15

Lactate

Question 16

Generation of glucose from other organic molecules like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids (alanine and glutamine)

Answer 16

Glucoenogenisis

Question 17

Describes the specifics for the transport of heat and work in thermodynamic processes

Answer 17

Law of thermodynamics

Question 18

Refers to the recycling of lactate or lactic acid produced by muscle during anaerobic metabolism. Lactate converted to glucose by the liver

Answer 18

Cori cycle

Question 19

Formation of oxygen debt. Difference between oxygen uptake of the body in early stages of exercise and during a similar duration in a steady state of exercise

Answer 19

Oxygen deficit

Question 20

Body’s ability to produce energy (ATP) in the presence of freely available oxygen

Answer 20

Aerobic system

Question 21

Amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during post exercise recovery from vigorous activity

Answer 21

Recovery oxygen consumption

Question 22

Basic organic molecules consisting of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen that combine to form proteins

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

Cortisol released during exercise will remove proteins from tissue. Including leucine, isoleucine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and valine, used as fuel during long term exercise boughts

Answer 23

Branches chained amino acids

Question 24

Series of enzymatic reaction in the mitochondria, involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds, which produce high-energy phosphate compounds (ATP) that are the source of cellular energy

Answer 24

Citric acid cycle or kreb cycle

Question 25

The formation of ATP from the energy released by the oxidation of various substrates, especially the organic acids involved in the kreb cycle

Answer 25

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 26

Consist of a glycerol and three fatty acids bound in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body

Answer 26

Triglycerides

Question 27

An enzyme capable of breaking down a lipid (fat) molecule

Answer 27

Lipase

Question 28

Form part of a lipid molecule and can be derivative from fat by hydrolysis, often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains) either saturated or unsaturated

Answer 28

Fatty acids

Question 29

The breakdown of lipids

Answer 29

Lipolysis

Question 30

A blood proteins produced in the liver that helps to regulate water distribution in the body

Answer 30

Albumin

Question 31

My fatty acids are not attached to other molecules they are known as free fatty acids

Answer 31

Free fatty acid

Question 32

Compounds of proteins are Keary fairs and fat like substances such as cholesterol in the blood

Answer 32

Lipoproteins

Question 33

Is the process by which fats are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry for the citric acid cycle

Answer 33

Beta oxidation

Question 34

A compound that functions as a coenzyme in many biological Acetylation reactions is formed as an intermediate in the oxidation of carbohydrates fats and proteins

Answer 34

Acetyl-CoA

Question 35

To break down a protein by removing an amino group

Answer 35

Deaminate

Question 36

The transfer of an amino acid from one molecule to another without the intermediate formation of ammonia

Answer 36

Transamination

Question 37

A series of oxidation reduction reactions during the aerobic production of ATP

Answer 37

Electron transport

Question 38

The buffered form of oxaloacetic acid that binds with acetyl- CoA to enter the citric acid cycle

Answer 38

Oxaloacetate

Question 39

Fatigue during physical work caused by an inability of the body to supply sufficient energy to the contracting muscles to methane creased energy demand. This causes contractile dysfunction that is manifested in the eventual reduction or lack of ability of a single muscle or local group of muscles to do work

Answer 39

Acute peripheral fatigue

Question 40

The central component to fatigue generally described as a reduction in the neural drive or nerve based motor command to working muscles that results in a decline in the force output

Answer 40

Central fatigue

Question 41

an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction Low rep schemes, longer rest, max performance in energy Resting 10-15 sec, replenish 2-5 min

Answer 41

Creatine phosphate

Question 42

Phase of metabolism involving use of oxygen and mitochondria

Answer 42

Aerobic