Bioenergetics Flashcards
(30 cards)
5 concepts in Bioenergetics
Thermodynamics Redox reactions ATP (adenosine triphosphate) biological catalyst - Enzymes Hydrogen shuttles
What are the two law of thermodynamics?
- energy can not be created or detroyed, it is only transformed
- the entropy must decrease
What is the link between the course and the 1rst law of thermodynamics?
glucose–>energy (chemical energy)
What is the 2 links between this cours and the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
- food –> ATP + HEAT
2. enthropy is required to maintain order of the cells –> homeostasis
What is the use of the heat created when food is converted into ATP?
it regulates/keeps body temperature.
What is a redox reaction?
a reaction that combines oxidation and reduction?
What is reduction?
It requires and imput of energy where the molecule loses and O and gains a H
What is a oxidation?
It realases energy by adding a O and loosing a H.
Which are the food with the most calories?
The food having a higher H:O ratio. The more there are H to loose, the more potential energy the molecule has.
Between fatty acid (18:1) and glucose (2:1), which one is the most caloric or has more enrgy to release?
the fatty acid because the H:O ration is bigger.
What does ATP stands for?
adenosine triphosphate
How does ATP releases energy?
By hydrolysis
What is the reaction of ATP hydrolysis?
ATP + H2O –> ADP + P + Energy
Why does ATP has a high phosphate transfer potential?
Because it is a very good donor. it donates phosphate to acceptor very easily.
Give an example of a reaction with ATP.
Synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate
How does the reaction of glucose-6-phosphate go?
ATP+H2O –> ADP +P
glucose + P –> G-6-P + H2O
(simultaneously)
What is ATP used for in anial cells?
Biosynthesis - synthesis of proteins
Active transport - move vessicles, ion pumps,…
MOvement - muscle, GI track
In what is ATP converted after it is used for it’s many purposes?
ATP is converted into ADP + P
How is ADP converted into ATP?
With cellular respiration
food + O2 –> CO2 + H2O
ADP + P –> ATP
WHat is the solution our body has developp to fulfill the high demand in energy?
The ATP is recycled
What are the caracteristics of enzymes?
- lowere the energy of activation of a reaction
- are substrate specific
- (many) require co-factor
- activity affected by environment
- organized in metabolic pathways (break down the steps of the reaction so many enzymes are responsible for 1 part of the large reaction)
How do enzyme lower the energy of activation?
by forming enzyme-substrate complex
What does it mean that enzyme are substrate specific?
It means that they can only bind to specific molecules for specific reactions.
What are the kinds of co-factor used by enzymes?
vitamins, minerals
