bioenergetics + infection and response

Question 1

why do plants need mineral ions from the soil?

Answer 1

-they will otherwise suffer from deficiency symptoms

Question 2

how do viruses make you feel ill?

Answer 2

-they live inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells’ machinery to produce many copies of themselves
-the cell will then burst, releasing all the new viruses
-this cell damage is what makes you feel ill

Question 3

describe the first stage in drug testing

Answer 3

-preclinical testing
-drugs are tested on human cells and tissues in the lab

Question 4

describe the second stage drug testing

Answer 4

-the drug is tested on live animals to test for efficacy , toxicity and optimum dosage

Question 5

how does a pregnancy test work? ( if you are pregnant)

Answer 5

-the part of the pregnancy test your urinate on has antibodies which are specific to the HCG hormone
-the test strip has antibodies which are stuck onto it so it can’t move
-the HCG hormone bind to the antibodies on the strip
-blue beads get stuck on the strip

Question 6

why do plants need nitrate ions?

Answer 6

-nitrate ions are needed to make proteins and therefore for growth
-a lack of nitrates causes stunted growth

Question 7

why do plants need magnesium ions?

Answer 7

-to make chlorophyl which is needed for photosynthesis
-without enough magnesium, plants suffer from chlorosis and have yellow leaves