Bioethics Test 1

Question 1

normative claims

Answer 1

a claims of how things ought to be

Question 2

discriptive statement

Answer 2

a statement about the world is

Question 3

prescriptive

Answer 3

how things ought to be and a course of action

Question 4

impermissible

Answer 4

should not be allowed

Question 5

consequentialist

Answer 5

outcomes of an act determines if it impermissible

Question 6

non-consequentialist

Answer 6

intention and act determines if it is permissible

Question 7

Kantian deontology

Answer 7

treat the good (humanity) as an end in itself

Question 8

act responsibilty

Answer 8

are you responsible for your actions?

Question 9

truthfunctional sentence

Answer 9

can be true or falss

Question 10

action guidance

Answer 10

looking to the theory for guidance on what to do

Question 11

metaethics

Answer 11

the attempt to answer questions about the nature of ethical theory itself

Question 12

types of metaethics

Answer 12

▪cognitivism

▪non-cognitivism

Question 13

cognitivism

Answer 13

the view that moral judgements can be true or false

Question 14

noncogntivism

Answer 14

view that moral judgements are not able to be true ir false

Question 15

subjectivism

Answer 15

view that moral truth depends on the subjective attitudes and beleifs of individuals

Question 16

objectivism

Answer 16

view that moral truths are based on facts, not attitudes

Question 17

relativism

Answer 17

morality is relative to the norms of a culture

Question 18

types of cognitivism

Answer 18

▪subjectivism
▪relativism
▪objectivism

Question 19

normative ethics

Answer 19

the study of what makes things right or wrong

Question 20

types of normative ethics

Answer 20

▪axiology

▪nirmarive ethics of behavior

Question 21

axiology

Answer 21

study of what is good and bad

Question 22

normative ethics of behavior

Answer 22

study of what is right and wrong

Question 23

hedonism

Answer 23

pleasure and absence of pain are the only things that are good

Question 24

desire satisfsction

Answer 24

the satisfaction of someones desire is the only thing that is good

Question 25

egosim

Answer 25

action is right if it has the best consequences for the person doing it

Question 26

utilitarianism

Answer 26

action is right if the consequences are optimal fir everyone

Question 27

act type

Answer 27

category of actions

Question 28

act token

Answer 28

specific action performed in a specific person in a slecific location

Question 29

rule utilitarianism

Answer 29

an action is right if it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good

Question 30

3 quwstions of metaethics

Answer 30

▪are moral statements true or false? ▪what makes moral statements true or false? ▪how do we know?

Question 31

sites of evalutation

Answer 31

▪state of afairs ▪character ▪act itself

Question 32

look where to evaluate sites or evalutation

Answer 32

▪intention ▪act ▪outcomes ▪consequences

Question 33

nihilist

Answer 33

there are no moral truths

Question 34

truthmakers

Answer 34

make a proposition true

Question 35

absolute rights

Answer 35

cannot be limmited

Question 36

prima facie (pro tanto) rights

Answer 36

rights that can be defeated

Question 37

undercut

Answer 37

persons right is no longer valid because of their actions

Question 38

argument

Answer 38

set if premises and conclusions

Question 39

validity

Answer 39

if an argument is true while we assume the premises are

Question 40

soundness

Answer 40

argument is valid and actually true

Question 41

conjunction

Answer 41

P and Q

Question 42

disjunction

Answer 42

P or Q

Question 43

conditinal

Answer 43

"if.... then..."

Question 44

antecendent

Answer 44

"if" part if a conditional

Question 45

consequent

Answer 45

"then" part of conditional

Question 46

modus ponens

Answer 46

if p then q p therefore q

Question 47

modus tollens

Answer 47

if p then q not q then not p

Question 48

affirming the consequent (fallacy)

Answer 48

if p then q q therefore p

Question 49

denying the antecedent (fallacy)

Answer 49

if p then q not p therefore not q

Question 50

hypothetical syllogism

Answer 50

if p then q if q then r p therefore r

Question 51

disjunctive syllogism

Answer 51

p or q not p q

Question 52

override

Answer 52

right still exists, but situation allows the right to be dropped

Question 53

moral residue

Answer 53

▪a need to repay a debt | ▪occurs when a right is overriden

Question 54

inalienable rights

Answer 54

rights that no one can take away

Question 55

forfeit of a right

Answer 55

involuntary loss

Question 56

waive of a right

Answer 56

voluntary loss

Question 57

negative right

Answer 57

generates a weak corresponding duty

Question 58

positive right

Answer 58

generates a strong duty

Question 59

moral agents

Answer 59

bear duties that correspond to a right

Question 60

moral patients

Answer 60

posses rights

Question 61

morally obligatory

Answer 61

▪a duty which one is morally required to do | ▪permissible and no other option exists

Question 62

morally optional

Answer 62

▪an act that one is not morally required to do | ▪permissible and there are other options

Question 63

expressivist

Answer 63

moral statements are not truth bearing

Question 64

monoistic axiology

Answer 64

1 thing has value, everything else js based on this value

Question 65

pluralistic axiology

Answer 65

many different things have value

Question 66

principle of humanity

Answer 66

treat humanity as an end in itself

Question 67

principles based approach

Answer 67

look at abstract situations to find moral rules we can apply to the real world

Question 68

case-based approach

Answer 68

looking at an individual case an deciding morality based on the specific situation

Question 69

deductive argument

Answer 69

if the premises are true, the conclusion has to be true

Question 70

inductive argument

Answer 70

asymptotically approach a gaurunteed argument

Question 71

strength

Answer 71

measure of relationship between premises and conclusion

Question 72

atomic sentences

Answer 72

one sentence letter

Question 73

molecular sentences

Answer 73

sentences letters plus connectives