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Biogeochem and Ocean Atmos > Biogeochem - Geoecology > Flashcards

Biogeochem - Geoecology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the driving factors that influence what vegetation is found where?

A

pH of the soil (influenced by the geology)
human impact
geology of the site
rainfall rate (leaching)

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2
Q

What is the CLORPT equation (what do they stand for)

A

Soil properties = f (climate, organisms, relief/topography, parent material, time

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3
Q

What is a physiological range?

A

Plants have an optimum range but can grown outside of this range until they reach a physiological stress.
- eg they might grow but not flower…

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4
Q

Examples of physiological ranges

A

too wet / too dry

too hot / too cold

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5
Q

How is the physiological range determined

A

It is usually determined in labs

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6
Q

Name an example of a plant that grown in the Alps and what properties does it have?

A

Saxifraga Bryoides
- can cope with light limtations
- each species has a certain temperature range in which it can survive

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7
Q

what is a zone of intolerance?

A

A region that is so far removed from an organism’s optimal range for an environmental variable that the organism cannot survive.

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8
Q

What does euryoecious mean / refer to?

A

A species with a wide ecological tolerance

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9
Q

What does stenoecious mean / refer to

A

species with a narrow ecological tolerance (can only live in a restricted range of environments)

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10
Q

What does eurytherm, euryphag, euryhaline and euryhydrous refer to?

A

species with a wide tolerance of
- temperature (eurytherm)
- nutrients (euryphag)
- salt (euryhaline)
- moisture (euryhygrous)

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11
Q

What does stenotherm and stenohaline refer to

A

Species with a narrow tolerance of
- temperature (stenotherm)
- salt (stenohaline)

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12
Q

What term would be used to describe a species with the highest potential as an indicator for wet or dry conditions?

A

Stenohygrous

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13
Q

What does an ecogram show?

A

The dryness vs the acidity

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14
Q

What does a dominant species mean in nature

A

It means it outcompete other species… NOT that is grows best

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15
Q

What region is it when Scotts Pine dominates?

A

It dominates in the extreme regions (usually opposites)

very dry and very acidic
very wet and very acidic
very wet and alkaline

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16
Q

Why can’t pine trees grow within its physiological preferred range?

A

Other trees dominate over it. It has the capability to grow. in its optimum region but other trees dominate over it as pine grows slower.

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17
Q

What are the 7 ecological indicator values/factors

A

Light (L)
Temperature (T)
Continentality (K)
Soil Moisture (F)
Soil Reaction (R)
Nutrient (N)
Salinity (S)

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18
Q

What is the scale for the 7 indicators?

(hint… 1 exception)

A

L, T, K, R, N, S all have a scale from 1-9 where 1 means low and 9 means high

F (soil moisture) has a scale from 1-12 where 1 is completely dry and 12 is permanently submerged

9 means very continental so lots of temperature swing… 1 means low continentality so very little temperature swing.
- lower continentality limits the environments in which it can grow

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19
Q

What soil pH is limestone

A

Alkaline

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20
Q

How does the geology influence/dictate where vegetation grows?

A

Different rock types (and therefore soils) can accommodate different vegetation

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21
Q

What are calcicoles?

A

Plant species which require / grow in high calcium levels in the soil

22
Q

What are calcifuges?

A

Plant species which don’t require / grow in soils with high calcium levels

23
Q

Which soil has a higher plant diversity… Calcium rich or calcium poor?

A

Calcium rich

24
Q

Name a species that is a Calcicole

A

Horseshoe Vetch

25
Q

what are soils with high calcium levels usually associated with?

A

High soil fertility levels (as theres usually other compounds present too)

26
Q

How have species adapted to tolerate an excess of calcium?

A

Some plants have glands which excrete the excess calcium as calcium carbonate

27
Q

What are the characteristics of a calcium poor soil

A

It is generally nutrient poor which means its been leached or is peaty

common in high rainfall areas

high acidity

28
Q

Name some plants that grow on calcium poor soils

A

Bilberry, Heather, Bog Mosses

29
Q

What are the 3 indicator species for acidic soils

A

Bracken
Bilberry
Ling

30
Q

Name the indicator species of nitrogen rich soils

A

Nettles
Dock leaves

31
Q

What do willow trees indicate?

A

moisture levels are relatiely high

32
Q

Indicators species of high water tables at different pHs

A

pH > 6
- reed
- bulrush
- giant sedge

pH < 5.5
- cross leaved heather
- sphagnum

33
Q

Dry soil plant adaptations (xerophytes)

A
  • Grey-leaved plants
  • reduced/small leaves plants (prickly)
  • succulent or coriaceous (leathery) leaves
  • storage roots
34
Q

What does every plant species have?

(indicator wise… think optimums)

A
  • Physiological optimum
  • Ecological optimum
  • A set of indicator values to describe its ideal habitat (describe the ecological optimum)
35
Q

what does the term nitrophile refer to?

A

species that grow in high nitrogen conditions

36
Q

what does xerophytes refer to

A

species that can grow in dry spoil conditions

37
Q

What can influence plant species longitudinate and latitudinal distribution?

A

Climate

38
Q

What is a variation species?

A

A species of interbred species from different locations

39
Q

what characteristic shape goes ecological optimum look like

A

bell curve

40
Q

What does geobotany investigate?

A

Spatial distribution of plant species and communities, how they change over time and the formation of species associations in specific habitats

41
Q

What is the order of vegetation groupings in the environment

A

species, associations, communities to flora

42
Q

what is phytosociology

A

the study of the characteristics, classification, relationships and distribution of plant communities p

43
Q

What is the taxonomic classification system used for associations?

A

Zurich-Montpellier system

44
Q

Whats the order in the Zurich-Montpellier taxonomic system

A

Class
Order
Alliance
Association
Sub association
Facies (species)

45
Q

What does Quercus refer to and is it a calcicole or a calcifuge?

A

Oak forests

46
Q

What does Fagus refer to and is it a calcicole or a calcifuge?

A

Beech forests

47
Q

What does fidelity describe

A

how well a sepcies correlated to a particular grouping / association

48
Q

What is Exclusive (fidelity level)

A

species with a perfect or near perfect fit into a group

49
Q

What is Selective (fidelity level)

A

species found mostly in one grouping

50
Q

What is Preferential (fidelity level)

A

species found in several groupings but dominantly in one)

51
Q

What is indifferent (fidelity level)

A

species with no particular affinity for a group

52
Q
A

Biogeochem and Ocean Atmos (14 decks)

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