Biogeochemical Cycle

Question 1

What are the earth’s biospheres?

Answer 1

Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

Question 2

When water evaporates and cools it ____ into clouds.

Answer 2

Condenses

Question 3

As water vapor rises the temperature _____?

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

Rain falls when?

Answer 4

Water in clouds gets too heavy

Question 5

Evaporation describes what state of matter transition?

Answer 5

Liquid to Gas

Question 6

In transpiration plants take in ____ and release ____.

Answer 6

Water, Water Vapor

Question 7

True or False: runoff occurs when the land cannot absorbs all the rain.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are weather fronts?

Answer 8

Colliding masses of warm and cold air

Question 9

What is the energy source of the water cycle?

Answer 9

Sun

Question 10

All precipitation begins as ____.

Answer 10

Snow

Question 11

True or False: water cannot penetrate bedrock

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Infiltration capacity is shown as:

Answer 12

Depth/Time

Question 13

True of False: water cannot condense without the presence of particles of dust.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Tiny atmospheric particles known as _____ help water farm ice crystals.

Answer 14

Aerosols

Question 15

What are Aerosols?

Answer 15

Tiny atmospheric particles such as dust that water collects on allowing is to crystallize, condense, or boil.

Question 16

What is the atomic number of carbon?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Carbon has 4 valence electrons which means:

Answer 17

It readily forms compounds

Question 18

What is known as the primary building block of life on earth?

Answer 18

Carbon

Question 19

Pure carbon is predominantly found in what 2 minerals?

Answer 19

Diamond, graphite

Question 20

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 20

A compound of carbon and hydrocarbon

Question 21

What is the simplest hydrocarbon?

Answer 21

Methane

Question 22

What is methane?

Answer 22

A flammable gas that is the simplest member of hydrocarbons.

Question 23

What is the methane formula?

Answer 23

CH4

Question 24

What is crude oil?

Answer 24

Unrefined petroleum and hydrocarbon deposits

Question 25

What are the parts of coal?

Answer 25

Sulfur, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

Question 26

Define anthropogenic:

Answer 26

Human-made

Question 27

What does coal release when burned?

Answer 27

Mercury

Question 28

Coal forms in layers known as___?

Answer 28

Coal seams

Question 29

Combustion of all fossil fuels always release ____ and ____.

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide, water

Question 30

Name four carbon sources:

Answer 30

Deforestation, respiration, decaying organic matter, volcano eruptions

Question 31

What is a sink?

Answer 31

Takes out of the atmosphere

Question 32

What is a source?

Answer 32

Put into atmosphere

Question 33

Name four sinks:

Answer 33

Oceans, Animals eating plants with carbon, photosynthesis, becoming fossil fuels,

Question 34

Phytoplankton takes in CO2 and releases____.

Answer 34

Oxygen

Question 35

A greenhouse gas absorbs radiation and re-emits it as____.

Answer 35

Infrared

Question 36

What is infrared?

Answer 36

Heat

Question 37

The above reaction traps energy that potentially warms the earth. This is known as the ___ effect.

Answer 37

Greenhouse

Question 38

`Essential question

Answer 38

Does the greenhouse affect without humans.

Question 39

True/False: as CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase the temperature increases.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Can carbon be destroyed?

Answer 40

No, only sequester it

Question 41

If there was no CO2 in the world we would_____.

Answer 41

Freeze

Question 42

Do CO2 level fluctuate naturally?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

What bacteria turns nitrogen to ammonium?

Answer 43

Nitrogen fixing

Question 44

What bacteria turns ammonia to nitrates?

Answer 44

Nitrifying

Question 45

What bacteria turns nitrates to ammonium?

Answer 45

Denitrifying

Question 46

What is the biochemical cycle?

Answer 46

Natural recycling of earth's elements

Question 47

What is transpiration?

Answer 47

When plants absorb water and release it into the atmosphere as water vapor. Transpiration-plants

Question 48

What is precipitation?

Answer 48

Refers to rain or snow that falls to the earth's surface. | Precipitation-rain or snowfall

Question 49

What is infiltration?

Answer 49

The movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces. Infiltration-water into rock or soil

Question 50

What is condensation?

Answer 50

The change of physical state of water from its gaseous phase to its liquid phase. This is how clouds form. Condensation- gas to liquid

Question 51

What is evaporation?

Answer 51

When water returns to the atmosphere from the soil, lakes and streams by turning into its gaseous form. Evaporation-water vapor and clouds

Question 52

What is a runoff?

Answer 52

When the land cannot absorbs all the rain. The excess water then flows over the surface into lakes and streams. Runoff-extra water ends up in lakes, streams, and oceans.

Question 53

What are the types of precipitation?

Answer 53

Rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, hail

Question 54

Precipitation starts as ____ before it goes through warm air.

Answer 54

Snow

Question 55

What are the types of clouds? Describe them

Answer 55

Cirrus-feathery/thin Stratus-Layered Cumulus-Fluffy

Question 56

What is a nimbus cloud?

Answer 56

Rain cloud

Question 57

What is an aquifer?

Answer 57

An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well.

Question 58

An artesian well does not need a pump why?

Answer 58

Because the water has no where to go but up because of surrounding pressure.

Question 59

What is distillation?

Answer 59

The technique of using heat to separate compounds.

Question 60

What two minerals is carbon found?

Answer 60

Diamond and Graphite

Question 61

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 61

A compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

Question 62

Where are the majority of hydrocarbons found on earth?

Answer 62

In crude oil

Question 63

What are the two main ocean carbon sinks?

Answer 63

The water and Phytoplankton

Question 64

What is phytoplankton?

Answer 64

Phytoplankton are tiny oceanic organisms that undergo photosynthesis. They are the "grass of the sea".

Question 65

Trapped energy that can potentially warm the earth is called _____.

Answer 65

The greenhouse effect

Question 66

Why does atmospheric CO2 trap heat?

Answer 66

CO2 absorbs in the same range of the spectrum that Earth emits in.

Question 67

Can the concentration of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 effect climate?

Answer 67

Yes, if carbon dioxide increases enough, the earth's temperature could increase.

Question 68

Is the greenhouse effect a natural process?

Answer 68

Yes-it occurs with or without the presence of mankind.

Question 69

What is the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 69

Refers to the constant motion of Nitrogen in various forms among the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the geosphere and the biosphere.

Question 70

What percentage of the earth's atmosphere is nitrogen gas?

Answer 70

78%

Question 71

Water cycle summary: Sources

Answer 71

Evaporation-water vapor and clouds Transpiration-plants Condensation- gas to liquid

Question 72

Water cycle summary: Sinks

Answer 72

Precipitation-rain or snowfall Infiltration-water into rock or soil Condensation-gas to liquid Runoff-extra water ends up in lakes, streams, and oceans.