Biography Flashcards

Question

Schubert life/career

Answer 1

1. early 2, low income 3. Esterházy 4. unknown 5. showcase 7. health 8. deaths

Answer 2

1. hard 2. begin 3. fail marriage 4. Esterházy positions 5. Esterházy job 6. exploration 7. reputation 8. London 9. Beethoven 10. success 11. later 12. patriot 14. end

Answer 3

* freely explored orchestral writing his own way * sound effects like col legno, portamento * expanded size and make-up of orchestra; specifying grandiose performing forces; ophicléide, cloches

Answer 4

* other tours were Munich, Augsburg, Mannheim, and Paris | * mother died while on your with him in Paris

Answer 5

* began employment in Eisenstadt with wealthy influential Esterházy family as assistant Kapellmeister * became Kapellmeister and moved with Esterházy family to Esterháza estate

Answer 6

* virtuoso organist | * reflected in his organ and keyboard works

Answer 7

* father Franz Theodor Schubert a school master | * played viola in family string quartet

Answer 8

* lectured at Harvard, University of California, Los Angeles * University of Southern California * eventually settled in Los Angeles and became American citizen

Answer 9

* in Paris, met important people * musicians Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz * artists Eugène Delacroix * writers Victor Hugo, Heinrich Heine

Answer 10

* gradually gained attention of potential patrons * began first full-time position as kapellmeister to Count Ferdinand von Morzin * duties; conducting, composing, performing * composed first symphony while at this position

Answer 11

* melodies are flexible and supple, bending and moving gracefully * arias frequently begin at high register and works its way downward * demonstrated in arias; La bohème: "Che gèlida manina" "Mi Chiamano Mimì"

Answer 12

* preferred large-scale forms * symphonies; "Harold in Italy," "Rom n Ju" * oratorios; "L'enfance du Christ" * programmatic writing; "Lélio ou Le retour de la vie, op.14b" * concert overture; "Waverley," "Rob Roy"

Answer 13

* wanted Austria I have a patriotic anthem like England does * wrote "Gott erhalte Franz den kaiser" * melody later became Germany's national anthem

Answer 14

* sudden accents syncopation; "string quartet op.76, no.2" | * bold changes to chords of keys; loud C major chord in "The Creation" to depict "light"

Answer 15

* passion for opera dues after the success of "Idomeneo" in Munich * dissatisfied in Salzburg; requested dismissal from archbishop

Answer 16

* commissioned to write "Te Clemency of Titus" for coronation if Leopold II as King of Bohemia * died December 5, 1791; inexpensive funeral and buried in an unmarked grave * Requiem unfinished, left sketches for student Franz Xavier Süssmayr to complete

Answer 17

born Salzburg, Austria 1756

Answer 18

* had several romantic relationships * brief engagement to Maria Wodzinska, whose parents considered him unsuitable because of his frail health * began 10 year love affair with Aurore Dudevant, novelist with a pen name George Sand; composed many works during this relationship

Answer 19

* melisma, sequence on a single syllable | * rejoice greatly

Answer 20

* collaborated with Emanuel Schikaneder (librettist, director, and impresario) * very successful opera that contained veil reference to Masonic rituals

Answer 21

* combined classical and romantic traits * classicism-formal structures; sonata form w/ repeated exposition; variations; symmetrical phrase structure; standard classical orchestra * romanticism; chromatic harmony; contrast of major and minor tonality; unexpected modulations

Answer 22

1. birth 2. family 3. prodigy 4. education

Answer 23

* prosperous barber-surgeon | * discouraged him if his musical pursuits

Answer 24

* father was French, immigrated to Poland as teenager; worked as French tutor for children of upper class fams * mother was Polish

Answer 25

* varied rhythm (free-flowing, enthusiasm, motoric, dance character) * new harmony style-parallel chords; open fifths and octaves; quartal harmony * La fille aux cheveux lin

Answer 26

1. birth 2. family 3. education

Answer 27

•and peace on earth is separated by an octave

Answer 28

* appointed cantor if St. Thomas School in Leipzig | * responsibilities; teach, compose, direct choirs, supervising musical activities in several churches

Answer 29

died July 28, 1750 from stroke

Answer 30

* departed for extended concert tour * devastated to learn that Warsaw was invaded by Russians while he was in Vienna * notes in diary expressed shock and horror * Étude, op.10, no.12 "Revolutionary" most likely composed this time

Answer 31

sang in choirs, accomplished violinist, virtuoso organist

Answer 32

•regarded as the "father" of the symphony and string orchestra because of his significant contribution to both genres

Answer 33

* financial issues became worse * declining health * began to work on Requiem commissioned by Count Franz von Walsegg, who intended to claim it as his own

Answer 34

* melodic lines have vocal qualities of the bel canto style in opera * long filigree passages, extended embellishments, and ornamental passages in nocturne and other lyrical work

Answer 35

* visited US on several occasions in late 1930s | * conducted, performed, completed commissions

Answer 36

* affluent Sonnleithner family initiated musical evenings showcasing his works * events came to be known as Schubertiades

Answer 37

* used equal temperament to allow him to play on all key signatures * prelude and fugue start from c major and minor pairs and ascend chromatically to B major and minor

Answer 38

* returned to Paris | * collaborated with leading artistic luminaries; Diaghilev and Pablo Picasso

Answer 39

Eisenach, Germany 1685

Answer 40

* often performed with older sister Maria Anna ("Nannerl") | * also a gifted musician

Answer 41

* Bonn, Germany 1770 | * musical family

Answer 42

* replacing the graceful Menuet and trio with the more dramatic scherzo; 3rd mvt * cyclical structure; 5th symphony * programmatic elements; 6th symphony * inclusion of chorus and soloists in 9th symphony

Answer 43

* Western and non-Western scale system * Whole-tone, pentatonic, modal in "Prélude..." * American jazz "Golliwog's Cakewalk" from Children's corner

Answer 44

* worked for Prince Ferdinand de Medici, Prince Francesco Maria Ruspoli and others * absorbed aspects of the Italian musical style and language; evident in operas, oratorios, concertos * visited major cities-Florence, Rome, Naples, Venice; musical works performed there

Answer 45

* childhood talents recognized | * recruited as choirboy at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna

Answer 46

* neo-classical style adopted with emphasis in formal design, absolute music * emotional restraint, balance, discipline, cool detachment

Answer 47

* embraced Arnold Shoenberg's twelve-tone method * sparse textures inspired by Anton Webern * explored miniatures

Answer 48

* attendee Paris World Exposition | * exposed to Asian art and music, Javanese gamelan ensemble

Answer 49

* use if basic elements (chordal passages, scale figures) * very accessible and appealing * Glory to god

Answer 50

1. birth 2. father 3. prodigy 4. education 5. showcase 6. sister

Answer 51

* visited Frederick the Greet at Postdam * son Philipp Emanuel was employed there * wrote contrapuntal worn based in theme provides by king; "The Musical Offering"

Answer 52

* retired due to failing health * last public appearance 1808 performing "Die Schöpfung" (The Creation) * died May 31, 1809; Mozart's requiem performed at his memorial service

Answer 53

* refuged to Switzerland because of WWI | * in response to revolution, severed ties with Russia; did not return, even to visit until 1962

Answer 54

* cosmopolitan style; absorbed international currents of the day * German (counterpoint) * Italian (opera) French (overture)

Answer 55

* father a wheelwright * mother a cook * brothers Michael and Johann also became musicians

Answer 56

* death of king George I | * commissioned to write music for coronation of king George II

Answer 57

* developed and expanded classical genres: sonata, concerto, symphony * transformed virtually every genre he touched

Answer 58

* a sense if pageantry and dramatic theatrical style * grandiose gestures, full SATB choral sound; bold contrast of dynamics * Hallelujah

Answer 59

* Symphony of Psalms * Ebony Concerto * The Rake's Progress

Answer 60

passion ignited when he saw Verdi's "Aida" as a teenager

Answer 61

•impressionist painters; choice of matter, instrumental colour, obscuring metric pulse

Answer 62

* compelling and realistic, dramatically and musically | * "The Magic Flute"

Answer 63

* St. Stephen's * self taught * considered Italian singer, composer Nicola Porpora to be his only teacher

Answer 64

Rohrau, Austria 1732

Answer 65

•early education from father Leopold; oversaw development as a virtuoso harpsichordist, pianist, organist, violinist, composer

Answer 66

* 1810 Żelazowa Wola, Poland | * family after moved to Warsaw

Answer 67

* with Wagner and Liszt, advocated "Music of the Future," a modern aesthetic * embraces progressive chromatic harmony, thematic transformation, and cyclical forms

Answer 68

* original and innovative | * influential in France and internationally

Answer 69

* writer, critic, author | * literary works: "Grand Traité d'instrumentation et d'orchestration modernes", autobiography "Mémoires"

Answer 70

* father a china shop owner | * mother a seamstress

Answer 71

1. leader 2. influence 3. symbolism 4. exploration 5. sounds 6. story 7. classical

Answer 72

* Leopold planned extensive tours across Europe tonsure case his Sonoma abilities * Mozart played for Empress Maria Theresa at age 6 * met Johann Christian Bach at age 8

Answer 73

•explored new harmonic language; chromaticism, unexpected modulations, unusual juxtapositions, modal inflections

Answer 74

* met Vladimir Rimsky-Korsakov, son of famous composer, in law school * Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov mentored him for several years * devouted himself in music and did not graduate from law school

Answer 75

Married childhood friend and cousin Katerina Nossenko

Answer 76

* moved to Vienna hoping to attain official position at he imperial court of Joseph II * enjoyed being a freelance pianist, teacher, composed * tended to live beyond his means

Answer 77

* spent several summers in rural Poland | * exposed to polish folk music and traditions

Answer 78

1. inspiration 2. success 3. melody 4. sounds 5. story

Answer 79

* late 1840s, began long important friendship with America composer/conductor Robert Craft * he is author of "Conservations with Stravinsky" and "Chronicles of a Friendship"

Answer 80

career launched with premiere of Symphonie Fantastique

Answer 81

* separated from Harriet Smithson * continued to support her and her family * moved in with singer Marie Recio

Answer 82

* early lessons in piano and harmony * entered law school at University of St. Petersburg * took private theory lessons

Answer 83

* first wife died after long illness | * second wife Vera de Bosset

Answer 84

* devastated by Karl's suicide attempt; fell gravely ill * died March 26, 1827 apparently from pneumonia * highly respected in Vienna, funeral attracted thousands of admirers

Answer 85

* music continued by dear brother Johann Christoph after orphanage * academic studies; Latin, Greek, Theology * trained in instrument building and repair

Answer 86

* continued writing opera but turned to other genres; oratorio, concerto (grosso) * Messiah premieres at benefit concert in Dublin, Ireland-great success * oratorios far less costly, English more appealing to middle class audiences; eventually stopped writing operas

Answer 87

Côte-Saint André, near Lyon, France 1803

Answer 88

* close relationship between the courts of Vienna and Bonn helped him get established * briefly studied with Haydn; dedicated his first 3 sonatas to him

Answer 89

* began piano lessons age7 * entered Paris Conservatoire * teachers were Antoine-François Marmontel (piano), Émile Durand (harmony), Ernest Guiraud (composition)

Answer 90

•frail health and delicate anatomy throughout childhood and youth

Answer 91

* annual salary given by Queen Anne, the first of many royal commissions and patronage appointments * death of Anne; elector of Hanover proclaimed King George I of England

Answer 92

1. international 2. alternation 3. elements 4. theatrical 5. word painting 6. vocal virtuosity

Answer 93

* father Fyodor a highly respected opera singer (bass) at Mariinsky Theatre in St. Perersburg * mother was a competent singer, fluent pianist * wealthy * parents discouraged musical career

Answer 94

* improvisatory qualities in many works such as preludes and impromptus * Preludes op.28

Answer 95

* received gold medals at Conservatoire * awarded Prix de Rome for cantata L'enfant prodigue * stayed at Villa Medici in Rome; explored a range of genres

Answer 96

* the early years * the transitional years * the middle years * the final years

Answer 97

* early orchestral piece-Fireworks-impressed Sergei Diaghilev, director of "Les Ballets Russes" in Paris * early ballets commissioned by Diaghilev launched launched Stravinsky's career: "The Firebird, Petrushka"

Answer 98

* moved to Vienna after Prince Anton succeeded Prince Nikolai * Anton was not a music lover * Haydn was paid a pension but relieved of all duties

Answer 99

* following Harriet Smithson's death, married Marie Recio * died march 8, 1869 * buried with both wives in Montmartre cemetery

Answer 100

* creates more intimate works with reduced forces in response to the devastation of WWI * seeds of neo-classical style

Answer 101

* married first wife, Rosalie ("Lilly") Texier, whom he later left * married Emma Bardac; daughter Claude-Emma ("Chou-Chou")

Answer 102

* Fidelio * violin concerto * symphonies nos.3-8 * piano concerto no.5 "Emperor"

Answer 103

* introduced new psychological intensity into individual songs and song cycles * vocal lyricism pervades all his works * sorrow and deeply personal emotions are reflected in many works * ex. "Death and the Maiden, Die Winterreise, Fantasy in F minor

Answer 104

* Ludwig * kapellmeister at electoral court * source of inspiration for Beethoven * died when Beethoven was 3

Answer 105

* turbulent private life | * several scandalous romantic relationships

Answer 106

* used original and innovative pianistic figurations; unusual spacing of chords, sweep arpeggiation, expanded range * polonaise in A-flat major

Answer 107

* second trip to London-last six symphonies were critically and financially successful * moved back to Vienna permanently

Answer 108

* played in salons if Polish aristocrats in Warsaw | * later would become his patrons and supporters in Paris

Answer 109

•varied; pianists, collaborative artist, conductor

Answer 110

1. combination 2. influence 3. art song 3. emotion

Answer 111

* in later years, he write oratorios "The Creation, The Seasons" * six masses for Prince Nicholas II (Anton's successor) * more string quartets

Answer 112

* short trip to Vienna, performed his op.2 Variations on Mozart's "Là ci Darem la mano" from Don Giovanni; great success * returned to Warsaw to continue success as pianist and composer

Answer 113

* Kapellmeister to Prince Leopoldo of Cöthen, avid supporter if the arts * Calvinist views if court influenced musical activities; no music performed in churches * many solo and chamber work composed this period

Answer 114

* close connection of text and music * uses harmony to highlight key words (text painting) * increase role if piano, piano accompaniment often depicts specific elements of poem * Erlkönig piano contrasts to depict a different character

Answer 115

* The Firebird * Petrushka * The Rite of Spring

Answer 116

first major success "Manon Lescaut" (1893), followed by many other

Answer 117

* incorporated new orchestral instruments: piccolo, trombone, contrabassoon; 5th symphony * exploited new features and improvements in the piano of his day, the expanded range

Answer 118

* romance with George sand ended bitterly * traveled to England and Scotland for performances organized by student Jane Stirling; health deteriorated and was very weak by end of trip

Answer 119

1. birth 2. grandfather 3. father 4. musical education

Answer 120

•Légion d'honneur; the highest decoration in France, in recognition of his accomplishments

Answer 121

* reader, influenced by Shakespeare, Bryon, Goethe, Voctor Hugo, Walter Scott * Beethoven; dramatic power, cyclical elements, addition of chorus

Answer 122

* died April 6, 1971 New York City * buried in island of San Michele, Venice, Italy * few yards away from Sergei Diaghilev

Answer 123

* contributed to dev in sonata form in terms of formal elements, melody, and harmony * included slow introductions that feature ambiguous tonality, suspenseful atmosphere, and chromatic harmony

Answer 124

* employee as piano teacher for family of Nadezhda von Meck, Tchaikovsky's patron * music critic for the "Revue blanche", artistic journal published in Paris

Answer 125

1. birth 2. family 3. education 4. Beethoven 5. prize

Answer 126

1. birth 2. family 3. education 4. mentor

Answer 127

* personal faith, a devout Lutheran, a source of inspiration for his creative work * dedicated all his works "to the Glory if God

Answer 128

Oranienbaum, near St. Petersburg, Russia July 17, 1882

Answer 129

1. birth 2. father 3. education

Answer 130

aspired to be pianist, then turned to composition

Answer 131

* wrote almost exclusively for piano (or piano with voice or instruments) * Berceuse * Barcarolle * Fantasie in F minor

Answer 132

* The Wedding | * The Soldier's Tale

Answer 133

* married distant cousin Maria Barbara Bach shortly after arriving at Mülhausen * two of their children Carl Philipp Emanuel and Wilhelm Friedemann became successful musicians

Answer 134

* studies law at University of Halle | * pursued music professionally after father's death

Answer 135

* early court commission resulted in "The Abduction from the Seraglio"; a singspiel (German comic opera) * married Constanze Weber, opera singer, against his father' swishes; only 2/6 children survived

Answer 136

1. plan 2. theme 3. development 4. innovations 5. OMG 6. new 7. evolve 8. early period 9. middle period 10. late period

Answer 137

1. patrons 2. health 3. success 4. revolutionary 5. refuge 6. famous people 7. money 8. romance 9. travel 10. end 11. death

Answer 138

* successful career as conductor * appeared in major European cities * international success in England, Germany, Russia

Answer 139

* traveled to Bayreuth | * became interested Wagner's music, which he rejected later

Answer 140

* despite restrictions, Haydn was free to discover his artistic voice and creative freedom * explored the leading genres of the day-symphony, opera, string quarter

Answer 141

* had dedicated circle of friends and admirers; including renowned baritone Johann Michael Vogl * not widely known as a composer

Answer 142

* co-founded RAM to promote Italian opera in London * compose, direct, produce many London productions; "Giulio Cesare, Tamerlano, Rodelina, Alcina, Serse" * worked with leading singers of the day; Faustina Bordoni, Francesca Cuzzoni

Answer 143

* believed in French rev motto "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" * admired Napoleon and dedicated symphony no.3 "Eroica" * after nap declared himself emperor, bee removed his name

Answer 144

* Agon | * Canticum Sacrum

Answer 145

1. career 2. personal 3. job 4. Wagner 5. exposition 6. fame 7. marriage 8. interaction 9. death

Answer 146

* settled in Paris along with many other polish countrymen * expresses patriotism through nationalistic work; Mazurkas, Polonaise * did not return to applaud due to political issues

Answer 147

* cancer March 25, 1918 | * just prior to end of WWI

Answer 148

* exploited string virtuosity through technically demanding writing * rapid passage work, string crossings, arpeggio figurations, double stops, sequences

Answer 149

1. hamburg 2. Italy 3. Hanover 4. Queen Anne 5. patrons 6. royal academy of music 7. Coronation 8. epic fail 9. new style 10. final year

Answer 150

* Russian nationalism; folk song and dance and choice of subject matter * influence by rich orchestration of Rimsky-Korsakov * primitive style: driving rhythms, primal energy, percussive approach * other features include use of dissonant harmony, polytonality, ostinato, syncopation, polymeter

Answer 151

* exemplified Viennese Classic ideals; elegance, balance, sophistication * virtually all classical genres explored, advanced, developed * utilized mainly symmetrical phrase structure (four-measure phrases); no. 35 "Haffner"

Answer 152

* contract included dress code, behaviour, and musical expectations * duties; training instrumentalists, conducting, composing, performing chamber music * supplied music for the court opera house, theatre, and chapel

Answer 153

* sudden death if Maria Barbara * married court singer Anna Magdalena Wilcke * Their sons Johann Christian and Johann Christoph became successful musicians

Answer 154

* gained fame with premiere of "Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune" * increased reputation with premiere of opera "Pélléas et Mélisande"

Answer 155

1. genres 2. bel canto 3. exploration 4. innovation 5. new piano tech 6. improvisation 7. nationalism 8. influence

Answer 156

* musical playfulness demonstrated by sudden dynamic changes or abrupt silence * the "Surprise" symphony

Answer 157

* Really like Beethoven's music, affected the evolution of his style * wrote biography of bee and series of essays on the 9 symphonies

Answer 158

* with many prominent contemporary composers in Paris | * Gabriel Fauré, Erik Satie, Ernest Chausson, Maurice Ravel, Igor Stravinsky

Answer 159

* compositional style evolved considerably during his lifetime * music divided into three style periods; early, middle, late

Answer 160

* rep gradually grew outside the House of Esterházy; published many works, reviewed commissions from other sources "Paris" Symphonies * developed friendship with Mozart, respected and admired each other despite their age difference; dedicated string quartets to each other

Answer 161

* programmatic elements (pastoral, watery imagery, sunlight, moonlight) * drawn to mythological themes: "Sirènes" from Nocturnes * often witty and satirical

Answer 162

* superb musical architect | * planned and revised works in sketchbooks

Answer 163

•met him in Vienna; taught him briefly

Answer 164

* appointed Kapellmeister to George Ludwig, elector if Hanover and future King George I * allowed him to travel to London, visited there twice, eventually stayed there

Answer 165

1. development 2. virtuosity 3. baroque

Answer 166

* more dramatic elements, increases chromaticism, abrupt and unusual modulations * epic, heroic character

Answer 167

* absorbed classical-style trains inherited from Haydn and Mozart; sonata form * sturm und drang influence evident in his preference for minor keys (especially c minor), use if tremolo and abrupt contrasts

Answer 168

* became British subject * premiere of John Gay's English language ballad opera "The Beggar's Opera" was a phenomenal success * grew tired of Italian opera, Handel unsure of his future

Answer 169

* first trio to London-engaged by concert promoter Johann Peter Salomon for a series if concerts * composed and conducted the firsts six of his "London symphonies"; contemporaries say he electrified the audience * received honorary doctorate from Oxford University

Answer 170

* child prodigy (comparisons made to Mozart) * gave first concert at age 6 * first published work Polonaise in G minor)

Answer 171

1. freedom 2. influence 3. genres 4. advocate

Answer 172

* explosive accents | * extreme dynamic contrast; 3rd mvt French horns

Answer 173

* set poetry of symbolist poets to music * poets; Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Pierre Louÿs, and Paul Verlaine * experimented with unconventional grammar and syntax through formal structure and phrasing * evoking rather than narrating, suggesting rather than depicting

Answer 174

* father was a physician | * family disappointed when he quit medical school

Answer 175

* had many romantic infatuations but remained single * began to lose hearing in his mid-twenties; attempts at treatment failed * wrote to brothers which revealed his inner turmoil and conflict * contemplated suicide, but eventually got over it

Answer 176

* Leopoldo Mozart * highly esteemed violinist, court musician, composer * author of "A Treatise if the Fundamental Principles if Violin Playing"

Answer 177

* Bach (counterpoint) Preludes op.28 * Mozart (lyricism) * Bellini and Donizetti's bel canto style

Answer 178

* music was the family profession for 5 gens. * father a court trumpeter "orphaned age 10

Answer 179

* director of Collegium Musicum, a performing ensemble for university students * important large-scale works; "Goldberg Variations, Art of Fugue" * frequently traveled to test new keyboard instruments

Answer 180

began I suffer from syphilis; health continued to deteriorate from this times

Answer 181

* court organist and chamber musician to Duke of Weimar * enjoyed increasing fame and composed many organ works * composed for Lutheran church services-cantata, chorale setting * accepted a salary advance for new position at Cöthen, angered the Duke and resulted in 1 month in jail

Answer 182

suites, concertos, sonatas, solo keyboard works; The Well Tempered Clavier, Book One

Answer 183

1. birth 2. family 3. education 4. interest 5. awards

Answer 184

* alternation if homorhythmic (homophonic) passages with contrapuntal textures (polyphony) * Sinfony of Messiah

Answer 185

* catalogued by Ludwig von Köchel | * "K" numbers in titles of works refer to this catalogue

Answer 186

Vienna, Austria 1797

Answer 187

* trained to become a school teacher; briefly taught at his father's school * began to write sings in his late teens; "Gretchen am Spinnrade, Erlkönig"

Answer 188

* contributed to three-movement concerto structure | * leader in establishing ritornello form

Answer 189

1. birth 2. family 3. education 4. instruments

Answer 190

* successful premiere of "Marriage of Figaro", written with librettist Lorenzo da Ponte * more successful performance in Prague for "The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni" * appointed Imperial Court Chamber Music Composer to Emperor Joseph II

Answer 191

1. 4 principal periods 2. the early years 3. the traditional years 4. the middle years 5. the final years

Answer 192

* musical nationalism in polish dances | * Mazurkas, polonaise, Krakowiak

Answer 193

* early training from father | * later studied counterpoint and composition with Christian Neefe, court organist at Bonn

Answer 194

* appointed unpaid concertmaster at court where Leopold was employed in Salzburg * new archbishop Hieronymous von Colloredo elected; he granted Mozart a salary

Answer 195

* developed idiomatic writing for strings * incorporantes programmation writing, descriptive titres * fond of asymmetrical phrase lengths

Answer 196

* visited Beethoven on his deathbed-their inky meeting | * died November 19, 1828 age 31

Answer 197

* Mozart (lyrical melodic style) * Beethoven (symphonic writing) * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German romantic poem)

Answer 198

* attracted patronage of Viennese nobility * gained financial support and commissions * influential patrons include Pronce Lobkowitz, Prince Lichnowsky, and Count Rasumovsky * first solo concert appearance in Vienna, followed by concerts Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, and Berlin

Answer 199

* verismo style-characters real and relatable | * exoticism-foreign setting and subject matter; "Turandot" "Girl of the Golden West"

Answer 200

* began music studies age 12-learned how to play guitar and flute, but not piano * went to Paris to study medicine, lost interest and found true passion for music * began formal music studies at the Paris Conservatoire

Answer 201

Halle, Germany 1685

Answer 202

other influential patrons include Earl if Burlington, Duke of Chandos

Answer 203

exposition first and second themes are identical or similar but in a different key

Answer 204

* rubato-like effect through continual changes in tempo in score * violinata technique; variety of orchestral colour * Madama Butterfly: Un bel dì vedremo

Answer 205

composer works virtually of every genre of his day except opera

Answer 206

1. classical 2. develops 3. enharmonic languages 4. influence 5. opera types 6. characters 7. organize

Answer 207

* contributed to sonata form * establishment to three movement concerto structure * defined the 18th century piano style, both in his solo works and concertos u

Answer 208

returned to sonata form in later works

Answer 209

1. genre 2. Lutheran 3. contrapuntal 4. international 5. virtuosity 6. chromatic names

Answer 210

* Johann * singer, instrumentalist at Electoral court * harsh, severe, became alcoholic

Answer 211

1. first job 2. reinstate 3. Italy 4. travel 5. success elsewhere 6. Vienna 7. personal 8. opera 9. Freemason 10. success 11. Beethoven 12. bad luck 13. The Magic Flute 14. deaths

Answer 212

* relationship with archbishop became antagonistic, resulted in Mozart's dismiss * forces bin to do a reinstatement

Answer 213

* after 3 failed attempts, won the Prix de Rome; highest honour awarded to composition students * required him to live and study in Rome; also travelled to other Italian cities

Answer 214

1. early 2. mother 3. relations 4. success 5. sad 6. French Revolution 7. near end 8. final years

Answer 215

* style became more abstract and meditative * employed counterpoint more frequently, including fugal writing * experimented further with form and content; added SATB soloists and chorus to the final movement of 9th symphony

Answer 216

* famous Mannhein orchestra: orchestral writing expanded the use of wind instruments * JS Bach in development if piano concerto * absorbed vocal qualities and melodic lyricism into instrumental writing; "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik" 2nd mvt

Answer 217

* explores new capabilities of the piano; employed greater virtuosity in response to technological advances * cast iron frame allowed for thicker strings to produce fuller tone

Answer 218

* worked as freelance musician in Vienna; lived in poverty | * sold some songs through private subscriptions, often for a very low price

Answer 219

* piano sonatas opp.109, 110, 111 * Missa solemnis * symphony no.9 "chorale"

Answer 220

* Last concert appearance as pianist performing piano trio op.97 "Archduke" * gained legal custody of nephew Karl over sister-in-law after the death of brother Caspar * totally dead, visitors wrote in conversation books * spent final years living in isolation; became increasingly withdrawn, anti-social

Answer 221

* despite success, financially unstable throughout his career * became good friend with Haydn; dedicated several string quartets

Answer 222

heard young Beethoven perform, very impressed

Answer 223

1. birth 2. family 3. young 4. education 5. exploration

Answer 224

* early career in Bonn as organist and violinist in court orchestra * intended to go to Vienna to study with Mozart

Answer 225

* thematic material often grows out if short incisive motives * symphony no.5 1st movement

Answer 226

* opera central to his career, made important contribution to 3 types * opera seria (serious Italian opera, sung throughout) "Idomeneo" * opera buffa (Italian comic opera, sung throughout) "The Marriage of Figaro" * singspiel (German comic opera, with spoken dialogue) "The Magic Flute"

Answer 227

balanced diatonic and chromatic elements

Answer 228

* in early teens, began lessons with Józef Elsner, director of new Warsaw Conservatory * after high school, studies harmony, counterpoint, composition

Answer 229

* her illness forces him to return to Bonn shortly after arriving in Vienna * became head of household after mother's death * financially responsible for brothers Caspar and Nikolaus

Answer 230

* learned to play viola and piano in childhood; father was his first teacher * beautiful voice got him into the Imperial Chapel choir school (Haydn also when there) * esteemed composer Antonio Salieri taught him theory and composition

Answer 231

1. childhood grind 2. early 3. premiere 4. refuge 5. Paris 6. US 7. wives 8. LA 9. friendship 10. death