Biohazard And Safety Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
DOH Administrative Order
“Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Licensure and Regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines”
A
DOH AO. No. 2007-0027,
2
Q
Source that has the potential to cause harm
A
Hazards
3
Q
possibility that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
A
Risk
4
Q
Person who has an intent and/or ability to cause harm
A
Threat
5
Q
associated to biological toxins or infectious agents
A
Biorisk
6
Q
combination of likelihood and consequence of an undesirable event related to a specific hazard (or threat)
A
Risk
7
Q
probability of an event occurring
A
Likelihood
8
Q
severity of an event
A
Consequence
9
Q
aims to provide all employees a safe work environment.
A
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
10
Q
enacted by the US congress in 1970 and has widely been used as a basis by many countries internationally to come up with their own regulations concerning safety in the workplace.
A
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
11
Q
governing body responsible for ensuring and monitoring the implementation of the standards set
A
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
12
Q
Functions of Occupational Safety and Health Administration
A
- Conduct on-site inspections
- Determine whether an employer is complying with the mandatory standards
13
Q
LABORATORY HAZARDS
A
- Biohazard
- Chemical Hazard
- Fire Hazard
- Electrical Hazard
- Physical Hazard
- Sharps Hazard
- Ergonomic Hazard
14
Q
include all pathogen or disease-causing microorganisms
A
Biohazards
15
Q
illustrates how pathogens are transmitted
A
The chain of infection
16
Q
The disease-causing microorganism
A
INFECTIOUS AGENT / PATHOGEN
17
Q
Animate inanimate object where the infectious agent is found normally living
A
RESERVOIR
18
Q
Routes and means utilized by the microorganism to escape from the reservoir
A
PORTAL OF EXIT
19
Q
Method of conduction from the reservoir to the susceptible host
A
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
20
Q
MODE OF TRANSMISSION types
A
i. Direct contact
ii. Indirect contact
iii. Droplet transmission
21
Q
Involves actual contact/ close proximity of the infected individual and the susceptible host
A
Direct contact
22
Q
“Mother-to-baby” transmission
A
Vertical Transmission
23
Q
Transfer of infectious agent happens BEFORE birth usually by crossing the placenta
A
Prenatal/ Transplacental Transmission
24
Q
Transfer happens during passage through the birth canal
A
Perinatal Transmission
25
Includes Transmission by Fomites
Indirect contact
26
Non-living object that may transmit an infectious disease
Fomites
27
Respiratory particles of moisture containing an infectious agent
Droplets
28
Typically expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing, and even by talking
Droplet transmission
29
Droplet transmission
Usually have a diameter of ___micrometers and capable only of traveling short distances (___meter)
>5
<1
30
Pathogen is spread through droplet nuclei
Airborne Transmission
31
remnants after evaporation of droplets
droplet nuclei
32
A droplet nuclei has a diameter__micrometers and are typically capable of travelling distances greater than ___
less than 5
1 meter
33
Transfer of infectious agents by an inanimate medium
Common Vehicle Transmission
34
Pathogens are spread by contaminated water, usually with untreated or poorly treated sewage
Waterborne transmission
35
Waterborne transmission diseases
cholera and leptospirosis
36
The pathogens usually develop in soil and is subsequently acquired by the susceptible host from the soil
Soil-borne transmission
37
Soil-borne transmission diseases
Hookworm infection and Ascariasis
38
Pathogens are transmitted in foods that are incompletely cooked, poorly refrigerated, or prepared under unsanitary conditions
Foodborne transmission
39
Foodborne transmission diseases
tapeworm infection
40
Invertebrates capable of harbouring infectious agent
Vector-Borne Transmission
-Vector
41
Vector-Borne Transmission types
i. Mechanical transmission
ii. Biological transmission
42
Utilizes mechanical vectors
Mechanical transmission
43
The infectious agent WILL NOT develop while being transported by the vector
Mechanical transmission
44
Utilizes biological vectors
Biological transmission
45
The infectious agent WILL develop while being transported by the vector
Biological transmission
46
Routes through which the pathogen enter the host
PORTAL OF ENTRY
47
three components that are incorporated in 6-part mode
(a) source, (b) transmission, and (c) host
48
has four circles and is universally adapted to warn about the existence of biological hazards.
biohazard symbol
49
presents preventive measures that can be
implemented to break the chain in each of the component
CHAIN OF INFECTION: 3-PART MODEL
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SOURCE
Handwashing
Biohazardous waste disposal
Decontamination
Specimen bagging
51
Handwashing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Aerosol prevention
Sterile/disposable equipment
Pest control
TRANSMISSION
52
Standard precaution
Immunization
Healthy lifestyle
Exposure control plan
Post exposure prophylaxis
HOST
53
“Containment principles, technologies, and practices that are implemented to prevented
unintentional exposure to pathogens or toxins, or their accidental release”
Biosafety
54
The protection, control, and accountability for valuable biological materials within the laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, or intentional release –Bioterrorism
Biosecurity
55
The publication classifies the biological agents into 4 groups, based on biosafety levels.
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th Edition
56
Not known to consistently cause
diseases in healthy adults
Biosafety Level 1 Agent
57
Relatively common agents that are
associated with human disease
Biosafety Level 2 Agent
58
Routes of transmission include
percutaneous injury, ingestion, and
mucous membrane exposure
Biosafety Level 2 Agent
59
Indigenous or exotic agents that may
cause serious or potentially lethal
disease through inhalation route of
exposure
Biosafety Level 3
Agent
60
Dangerous or exotic agents which post
high individual risk of aerosoltransmitted laboratory infections that
are frequently fatal, for which there are
no vaccines or treatments
Biosafety Level 4 Agent
61
-Agents not associated with disease in healthy adult humans
-No or low individual and community risk
-a microorganism unlikely to cause
human or animal disease.
Risk Group 1
62
Agents associated with human disease that is rarely serious and for which preventive or
therapeutic interventions are often available.
Risk Group 2
63
Moderate individual risk; low community risk
A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or
the environment
Risk Group 2
64
Agents associated with serious or
lethal human disease
High individual risk; low community risk
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread
Risk Group 3
65
Agents likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic
interventions are not usually available
High individual and community risk
Risk Group 4
66
Mandates that personnel should treat all blood and blood-contaminated samples as potentially infectious
Universal Precautions (UP)
67
did not treat other bodily fluids that are not visibly contaminated with blood as potentially infectious
Universal Precautions (UP)
68
Considers all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
69
Main flaw: Did not recommend hand washing following removal of gloves
unless visual contamination is present
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
70
Combined major features of universal precautions and body substance
isolation
Standard Precautions (SP)
71
Most commonly implemented by clinical laboratories
include proper hand washing, utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE), and preventing exposure to potentially infectious aerosols/droplets
Standard Precautions (SP)
72
Single most effective way of controlling the spread of infectious diseases
PROPER HAND WASHING
73
According to WHO guidelines, rubbing of hands should last for
AT LEAST 20 SECONDS
74
According to DOH guidelines, rubbing of hands should last for
at least 15s (2 Happy birthday songs)
75
Proper duration of hand-rubbing is approximately equal to the duration of singing
2 HAPPY BIRTHDAY SONGS
76
Protective clothing, helmets and other garments designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or infection
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
77
Device that encloses a workplace in such a way that protects the workers from
exposure to aerosols that may potentially contain infectious disease agents
BIOSAFETY CABINETS
78
-Characterized by pores having a diameter of 0.3 um
-Removes air-suspended materials having diameter greater than 0.3 um;
-Capable of removing up to 99.97% of air-suspended materials
High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter
79
Open Front BSC
Biosafety Cabinet Class I
80
-Does not protect the sample/ product from possible contamination
-Protects the worker and the environment from potentially infectious aerosols
Biosafety Cabinet Class I
81
provides worker and environment protection BUT DOES NOT provide product/
sample protection.
Biosafety Cabinet Class I
82
Protects the worker from potentially infectious aerosols; Also capable of protecting the sample from possible contamination
Biosafety Cabinet Class II
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70% of air is recirculated to the working area; 30% of air is exhausted
BSC Class IIA
84
30% of air is recirculated to the working area; 70% of air is exhausted
BSC Class IIB1
85
No recirculation of air; Total exhaust of air through an exhaust HEPA filter
BSC Cass IIB2
86
vertical laminar flow hoods (technically a misnomer since it is flow hoods are
different from BSCs
BSC Class II
87
Completely enclosed and are equipped with glove ports; Infectious material
within is handled with rubber gloves that are attached and sealed
Biosafety Cabinet Class III
88
-Minimal Risk; Only Biosafety Level 1 agents are encountered
-Practices include the essentials of Standard Precautions
-Does not utilize Biological Safety Cabinets, only needs hand washing facilities
Biosafety Level I (BSL-1)
89
-Moderate Risk; Includes all those in BSL 1 practices
-Performing aerosol-generating procedures in BSC Class I or BSC Class II
-Biosafety Level 2 agents
Biosafety Level II (BSL-2)
90
- High risk; Biosafety Level 3 agents are encountered by the workers
In addition to BSL 2 practices: Performing aerosol-generating procedures in BSC Class I, Class II, or Class III
Biosafety Level III (BSL-3)
91
-Extreme risk; Biosafety Level 4 agents are encountered in the workplace
-Requiring performance of procedures inside BSC Class III
Biosafety Level IV (BSL-4)
92
In cases of chemical contact with skin and eyes, flush with large amounts of water for how many minutes
AT LEAST 15 MINUTES.
93
Safety showers for chemical spills
dispense 30 to 50 gallons of water per minute at
a pressure of 20 to 50 psi
94
How do you mix acid and water
ACID TO WATER, not the other way around.
95
Expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemicals
FumeHoods
96
Fume Hoods
-Face velocity should be
100 to 120 feet/ minute
97
True of false
Mouth pipetting is accepted in the laboratory
False
98
Required by OSHA to be present at workplaces that handles hazardous chemicals
ChemicalHygienePlan
99
Responsible for documenting and implementing the chemical hygiene plan
Chemical Hygiene Officer
100
Lists all of the hazardous chemical present in a workplace
Material Safety Data Sheet
101
Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and GIT if inhaled or ingested
Corrosive
102
Cancer-causing chemicals
respiratory
103
Substances that can cause functional and physical defects in the human embryo or fetus after the pregnant mother is exposed to the substance
Teratogenic
104
Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite
Reactive
105
temperature at which sufficient vapour is given off from the chemical to form an ignitable mixture with air.
Flash point
106
Flammable chemicals flash point
37.8C (100F).
107
Combustible chemicals flash point
equal to or above 37.8C (100F)
108
diamond-shaped, color-coded symbol with four quadrants
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
109
blue quadrant
health hazards
110
red quadrant
flammable hazards
111
yellow quadrant
reactivity/stability hazards
112
white quadrant
other special information of the chemical
113
presents the four components that should be present for fire to exist
Fire Tetrahedron
114
Fire Tetrahedron components
Oxygen
Fuel
Heat
Uninhibited Reaction
