BIOL 121 EXAM #3 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Catabolism
A
Breakdown/ release of energy
2
Q
Anabolism
A
Build up/ stores energy
3
Q
In living/ growing cells there will be a constant supply of?
A
ATP
4
Q
What does not like to be apart?
A
Hydrogen ions and electrons (best friends)
5
Q
Reduction is?
A
the loss of oxygen or the gain of hydrogen or the gain of electrons
6
Q
What is true about ReDox reactions?
A
They are always coupled
7
Q
Osmosis deals with what?
A
movement of chemicals across a membrane
8
Q
Plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts; we only have…what?
A
the mitochondria
9
Q
Highly flexible, movable structure
A
Proteins
10
Q
If we change the pH, we change what else?
A
The structure/ function of the protein
11
Q
Photophosphorylation
A
Production of ATP from the energy of light
12
Q
Another word for Pyruvate?
A
Pyruvic acid
13
Q
Another word for Pyruvic acid?
A
Pyruvate
14
Q
What is glycolysis?
A
the conversion of glucose to pyruvate
15
Q
Wherever there is an electron, what else is floating around?
A
Hydrogen
16
Q
Human cells produce how much ATP?
A
36
17
Q
Bacteria produce how much ATP?
A
38
18
Q
Are humans or bacteria more efficient at producing ATP?
A
Bacteria
19
Q
How much ATP do you get from a NAD(H)?
A
3
20
Q
CO2 is a?
A
waste gas; drifts out into atmosphere
21
Q
Electron Transport Chain is like what?
A
a battery; in its distribution of charges
22
Q
What takes the hydrogen off the NADH?
A
FMN
23
Q
Derived from one of the B vitamins
A
Electron Transport Chain
24
Q
ATP Sythase is what?
A
an enzyme; associated with the flow of hydrogen ions
25
Without the ability to "dump" an electron, what happens?
None of it moves; stops like heavy traffic
26
The poor electron is stuck if?
there is no oxygen
27
How much protein does a human need?
75g
28
Our bodies do not need a lot of what?
Nitrogen
29
Proteins are long chains of what?
amino acids; need to be broken down
30
Protease, peptidase are examples of what?
enzymes
31
Deamination (protein)
taking away the amine group
32
Decarboxylation (protein)
take off extra carboxyl groups
33
Dehydrogenation (protein)
rearrange hydrogen groups
34
All proteins eventually feed into which process?
the Pyruvate process
35
Type of carb
monosaccharides
36
Examples of monosaccharides
ribose, deoxyribose, galactose
37
Which form of sugar can human bodies use?
Glucose
38
We harvest the energy through what?
glycolysis
39
Can everything we take in be converted to energy?
Yes
40
Examples of lipids?
fats, fatty acids, long chains in pairs
41
Fatty acids are an example of what?
Lipids
42
Lipid chains always occur in what?
even numbers
43
Fatty acids are associated with what?
the ability to harvest energy from anything
44
Some excess calories are used for what?
Synthesis
45
If we take in excess sugar, what does the liver do?
Turns it to glycogen
46
Humans cannot make animo acids like what can?
bacteria
47
Bacteria can make animo acids unlike what?
humans
48
Humans must get amino acids from what?
something that dies
49
Cells will not build more proteins than they need? T or F?
True
50
You only need how much protein per day?
3oz
51
Carbs: how many calories per gram?
4
52
Proteins: how many cals per gram?
4
53
Fats & lipids: how many cals per gram?
9
54
How many cals are stored as 1 pound of fat?
3500
55
If too many cals are consumed what happens?
stored
56
If too little cals are consumed what happens?
used
57
(diet) The body is created for what?
balance
58
What creates heat during a fever?
calories being burned
59
Fever of 105 is burning how many cals/ hr?
1000
60
(anabolism) taking small molecules and making
big ones
61
Some organisms are heterotrophic (other-feeding);
Us
62
Heterotrophic?
other-feeding
63
Every cell must have source of?
energy, electrons, and carbon
64
Photon is
energy packet
65
Each photon has different energy level depending on
how it was produced
66
Wavelengths are measured in what?
hv
67
Shorter hv
higher energy
68
Longer hv
lower energy
69
Humans interpret sound via what
wavelengths
70
(wavelength) 700 peaks/ unit is?
rather long
71
What color are shorter wavelengths?
violet
72
Red light range= high or low energy?
HIGH
73
Violet light range= high or low energy?
LOW
74
(light): they are so energetic that they can start knocking off electrons
Ultraviolet range
75
Outer cloud
valence electrons
76
Whole world is driven by these?
valence electrons
77
(photonic effects on molecules): Lowest energy
ground state
78
(photonic effects on molecules): elevated energy
excited
79
Excited molecules are?
unstable
80
Every element, if heated, generates specific wavelengths of what?
emitted light
81
(photon of light), if immediate, is called what?
fluorescence
82
(photon of light), if delayed, is called what?
phosphorescence
83
If holds light AFTER it is GONE
phosphorescence
84
If holds light only ONCE light is ON it
phorescence
85
Pigments that we see outside are molecules that collect?
energy of light
86
(energy absorbing pigments)
Chlorophyll a and b
87
Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)
Contains magnesium in porphyrin ring
88
Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)
Frying pan shape with phytol tail
89
Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)
In green plants, algae, cyanobacteria: green is waste energy
90
In green plants, algae, cyanobacteria: green is?
waste energy
91
Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)
Absorbs blue, red; reflects green light
92
Carotenoids absorb which colors?
blue and violet
93
Cartenoids reflect which colors?
red, orange, and yellow
94
Black colors do what?
Absorb energy
95
White colors do what?
Reflect energy
96
(chloroplasts) membrane is called
thylakoid membrane
97
(chloroplasts): Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called
grana
98
(chloroplasts): Grana collected in
chloroplast stroma
99
Inner membrane of chloroplast
cyanobacteria
100
Photolysis
Using energy of light to break water
101
When you cut apart water molecule(P680) you get?
electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen
102
Oxygen is nasty?
waste gas we cannot use
103
feed themselves
autotrophs
104
cannot make own food, so steal from others
heterotroph
105
Where humans typically get glucose from
plants
106
phototrophs
get energy from light
107
chemotrophs
do not get energy from light
108
Humans are chemo-heterotrophs or autotrophs?
chemo-heterotrophs
109
Non-photosynthetic organisms
fungi, animals
110
(photoautotrophs) that produce 02
oxygenic
111
Anoxygenic organisms
live where there is no oxygen
112
Chemoautotrophs use what as an energy source
H2S ; sulfur; Ammonia (NH4+); Nitrite (NO2-); Ferrous ions (Fe++)
113
...use glucose as both energy and carbon source
Chemoheterotroph
114
Chemoheterotroph
...use glucose as both energy and carbon source
115
(chemoheterotroph): Saprophytes live on what?
dead, organic matter
116
Parasites feed upon what?
living hosts
