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BIOL 1441 > BIOL 1441 > Flashcards

BIOL 1441 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

DNA contains the instructions for making what?

A

proteins

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2
Q

What can copy itself to divide and make new cells?

A

DNA

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3
Q

DNA is coiled around _______ proteins and packaged into chromosomes.

A

histone

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4
Q

The complete set of DNA found in each cell

A

Human Genome

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5
Q

Human Genome is arranged in how many pairs of chromosomes

A

23

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6
Q

Genes that regulate general functions (metabolism and growth)

A

Autosomes

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7
Q

Genes involved in sex determination, sexual reproduction, and other things not sex related

A

Sex Chromosomes

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8
Q

Shows complete size of human chromosomes arranged by size

A

Karytope

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9
Q

XX are

A

female

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10
Q

XY are

A

male

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11
Q

DNA structure as made of ____________

A

nucleotide monomers

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12
Q

Nucleotide monomers consist of what 3 things

A

deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate groups

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13
Q

What nitrogenous base are found in DNA?

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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14
Q

Phosphate groups between sugars form ___________________ linking nucleotides together

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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15
Q

Nucleotides are either A&G _________ or C&T __________________

A

purines, pyrimidines

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16
Q

DNA Helix is

A

double stranded

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17
Q

For DNA: A in one strand = __ in other strand

A

T

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18
Q

For DNA: C in one strand = __ in other strand

A

G

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19
Q

DNA strands are complementary and ___________________

A

antiparallel

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20
Q

complementary strands are connected by _____________ __________

A

hydrogen bonds

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21
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do A&T use? (DNA)

A

2

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22
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do C&G use? (DNA)

A

3

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23
Q

5’ has a __________ ___________

A

phosphate group

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24
Q

3’ has a _______ _______

A

hydroxyl group

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25
New DNA strands can ONLY be added to which end?
3'
26
Are in 3' and 5' positions, are involved in chemical reactions
functional groups
27
You build a bond by removing a ________ or __________
hydrogen, hydroxyl
28
What can be removed from hydroxyl group (OH) at 3' position of LAST attached nucleotide?
hydrogen
29
What can be removed from 5' phosphate group of NEW nucleotide?
hydroxyl group
30
The process used by a cell to copy its genetic information (DNA)/ is semiconservative
DNA replication
31
When one parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells
mitosis
32
Can both strands of DNA be used as a template for new DNA strand?
yes
33
New synthesizes DNA double helix are made of one parental DNA and one _____________ ___
daughter DNA
34
DNA replication begins in
origin of replication
35
Bacterial chromosomes have how many ORI
1
36
Human Chromosomes have how many ORI
several
37
Is created as DNA double helix opens at an ORI
replication bubble
38
What is a gap between 2 complementary strands, and has DNA replicating enzymes
replication bubble
39
edges of a replication bubble
replication forks
40
Replication forks travel _____ from each other, enlarging replication bubble
away
41
Bubbles fuse when _______________
replication forks meet
42
Open the double helix is what step in DNA replication?
1
43
Build Complementary DNA is what step in DNA replication?
2
44
Connect Okazaki fragments is what step in DNA replication?
3
45
what travels ahead of helicase and makes small cuts in DNA to relieve strain caused by DNA helicase
topoisomerase
46
What moves strand down, breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA strands
DNA helicase
47
DNA helicase and Topoisomerase are what part step in DNA replication?
1
48
What does DNA synthesis start with?
RNA Primer
49
A short piece of RNA that is attached to the template strand. Provides storing location for DNA Polymerase III
RNA Primer
50
RNA primer provides 3' _________ group where DNA Polymerase II can attach its first molecule
hydroxyl
51
An enzyme that makes primer
Primase
52
After DNA Polymerase III attaches to a primer, it "reads" the _________ _______ in a 3' to 5' direction. It builds a complement strand
template strand
53
The first nucleotide attached in DNA replication is
RNA primer
54
All nucleotides are attached to which end of the NEW DNA strand
3'
55
New RNA primers are constantly added to
lagging strand
56
Lagging strand built in small peices
Okazaki fragments
57
Strands synthesized at replication forks are ___________
antiparrallel
58
Template to LAGGING strand is oriented with ____ end toward ORI
5'
59
Template to leading strand is oriented with ____ end toward ORI
3'
60
Template to leading strand is oriented with ____ end toward the fork
5'
61
Template to LAGGING strand is oriented with ____ end toward the fork
3'
62
The template of the leading strand is made discontinuously. True or false
False
63
The template of the leading strand is made continuously (in one piece)
true
64
The template of lagging strand is made of Okazaki fragments. True or false
true
65
RNA Primer, Primase, DNA Polymerase III, Okazaki fragments, Lagging strand, Leading strand are all part of which step in DNA replication?
2
66
What removes RNA primers from new DNA strands
DNA polymerase I
67
What builds phosphodiester bonds between Okazaki fragments built during DNA replication of the lagging strand?
DNA ligase
68
What checks its work as it builds new DNA strands? If it adds an incorrect base it removes and replaces it.
DNA Polymerase III
69
What removes LARGE chunks of DNA that were incorrectly copied?
Nucleotide excision enzymes
70
DNA Polymerase I, DNA ligase, are what step in DNA replication
3

BIOL 1441 (1 decks)

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