BIOL 200 Final

Question 1

Whata are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 1

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Musclular
4. nervous tissue

Question 2

Name the types of epithilium (epithial tissue)

Answer 2

• Simple = one cell thick
• Stratified = multiple cells thick
• squamous = flattened
• cuboidal = cube shaped
• colomnar = tall, colomn shaped

Question 3

Epithilial tissue

Answer 3

covers body surface and lines body cavities/organs

Question 4

connective tissue

Answer 4

• supports, binds, transports, immunity
• embedded in some sort of matrix (adipose tissue, hyaline cartilage, compact bone, loose fibrous connective tissue/areolar tissue)

Question 5

muscle tissue

Answer 5

Contraction (movement)
- skeletal muscle (voluntary)
- smoothe muscle (involuntary)
- cardiac msucle (involuntary)

Question 6

Nervous tissue

Answer 6

conducts electrical impulses

Question 7

Unicellular organisation

Answer 7

• single celled or cellular aggregates
• very little cellular specialization
• protists

Question 8

Diploblastic Organisation

Answer 8

• 2 layers:
  (1) Ectoderm (epidermis)
  (2) Endoderm (gastrodermis/gut lining)
• mesoglea in the middle of the ectoderm and endoderm

Question 9

Triploblastic organization

Answer 9

3 embryonic cell layers:
(1) Ectoderm (epidermis)
(2) Endoderm (gastrodermis)
(3) Mesoderm (bulk of body tissue)

Question 10

Coelum

Answer 10

body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm

Question 11

what are the 3 triploblastic patters (coelum things)?

Answer 11

1. Acoelumate animals
2. Pseudocoelomate animals
3. Coelomate animals

Question 12

Acoelomate

Answer 12

• Lack coelom
• Have endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 13

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 13

• endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
• Have a pseudocoelom (looks like a complete ring)

Question 14

Coelomate

Answer 14

• endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
• have a coelom (looks like two half circles)
• also have serosa, peritoneum, mesentery

Question 15

Protostomes

Answer 15

• Blastopore develops into mouth
• Spiral cleavage
• Schizocoelous coelom
• Trochophore larva

Question 16

Deuterostome

Answer 16

• Blastopore develops into anus
• Radial cleavage
• Enterocoelous coelom
• No trochophore larva

Question 17

What are the basic forms of anatomical symmetry observed in animals and animal-like protists?

Answer 17

• Asymmetry: no axis of symmetry (eg. sponges)
• Radial symmetry: body parts arranged around a central axis (eg. cnidarians,
  ctenophores)
  ○ Biradial symmetry: spherical (eg. comb jellies)
  ○ Pentaradial symmetry: starfish
• Bilateral symmetry: Frontal plane (anterior-posterior) and transverse plane (dorsal-ventral).**

Question 18

Protist evolution

Answer 18

• first protists (and first eukaria) in the proterozoic
• polyphyletic (don’t share a common ancestor)
• idk

Question 19

3 types of asexual reproduction in protists

Answer 19

(1) Binary Fission
(2) Schizogony (Series of mitotic divisions (nucleus divides) not followed by cytokinesis)
(3) Budding

Question 20

Important Protozoan groups

Answer 20

1. excavata
2. amoebozoa
3. rhizaria
4. Alveolata

Question 21

Excavata

Answer 21

• eg. euglenoids
• excavated feeding groove on outside of the cell
• animal-like (with flagella) or plant-like
• several pathenogenic to humans (lots of STDs and stuff)

Question 22

Amoebozoa

Answer 22

• feed and move using pseudopodia (projection of the cell)
• phagocytosis
• cause a nunch of health problems: eg. Keratitis (inflammation of cornea), Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), Amoebic dysentery

Question 23

Rhizaria

Answer 23

• Amoeboid (i.e. cell shape varies), but not sister group to Amoebozoa
• Some have filopodia or axopodia (supporting structures)
• eg. foraminefera (responsible for limestone, chalk)