Biol 228 Invertebrates Test

Question 1

What is Phylum Porifera?

Answer 1

Sponges

Question 2

What are choanocytes?

Answer 2

Flagellated cells, lining the inner of the cell

Question 3

What do ostia and oscula do?

Answer 3

Ostia: incurrent pores. Oscula: larger, outcurrent pores

Question 4

What is the sponge’s supporting material?

Answer 4

Mesophyl. Contains skeletal elements, held in a gelatinous matrix

Question 5

What is the purpose of choanocytes?

Answer 5

Use water current to capture food

Question 6

Sponge structures, simplest to most complex

Answer 6

Asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid. Most sponges are leuconoid

Question 7

How do sponges feed?

Answer 7

Filter feeders. Unselective

Question 8

Reproduction

Answer 8

Both sexual and asexual

Hermaphrodites, but not at the same time

Question 9

Types of asexual reproduction

Answer 9

Gemmules: Seed like capsule of cells held during adverse conditions, released when conditions improve, form new sponge.

Budding: Pieces break off and form new sponge

Aggregation: Disassociated sponge cells aggregate to reform a sponge

Question 10

Characteristics of class Hexactinellida

Answer 10

'Glass Sponges'
6 ray spicules
spicules made of SiO2 
Marine
Mainly syconoid or leuconoid

Question 11

Characteristics of class Calcarea

Answer 11

Spicules made of CaCO3

All three construction types (Asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid)

Question 12

Characteristics of class Demospongiae

Answer 12

95% of all sponges
Leuconoid
Spicules are SiO2, spongin fibres, or both

Question 13

Sponge Ecology

Answer 13

Indeterminate growth, can be very big
Only eaten by specialised predators
can create own water current
Found on hard surfaces, shapes detemined by it

Question 14

Do sponges have tissue layers?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What are phylum Cnidaria?

Answer 15

Jellyfish

Question 16

What are the functions of nematocysts?

Answer 16

Stinging capsules. Defence and capture of prey

Question 17

Body plan of nematocysts:

Answer 17

Sac with tentacles

Have opening that leads to gastrovascular cavity

Question 18

Tissue layers?

Answer 18

2. Ectodermal and gastrodermal w/ mesoglea (jelly) in between

Question 19

Organs? Circulatory system?

Answer 19

No organs or circulatory system. Repiration, excretion and digestion by diffusion

Question 20

What are polyps?

Answer 20

Cylindrical, thin mesoglea, hard skeleton, stationary

Question 21

What are medusae?

Answer 21

Umbrella shaped, thick mesoglea, free swimming, no skeleton

Question 22

Characteristics of class Hydrozoa

Answer 22

Most have polyps and medusae in life

Question 23

What is a gatrsozooid used for?

Answer 23

Feeding

Question 24

What is a gonozooid used for?

Answer 24

Reproduction

Question 25

What is the layer of tissue around the bell shaped medusae called?

Answer 25

Velum

Question 26

What is a Manubrium?

Answer 26

A stalk with a mouth on the end leading to Gastrovascular cavity. 4 Radial canals branch off

Question 27

Characteristics of class Anthozoa

Answer 27

All polyps. No medusae Has hydrostatic skeleton Uses nematocysts to catch prey

Question 28

What is pedal laceration?

Answer 28

Pinch off parts of 'foot' and walk away. Cloning.

Question 29

How do Anthozoan's reproduce?

Answer 29

Sexual or Asexual Free spawn or internal fertilisation Some hermaphrodites

Question 30

What are the characteristics of class Scyphozoa?

Answer 30

True Jellyfish Medusae dominated. Polyps reduced or non existant No Velum mouth is oral lobes

Question 31

What are Rhopalia?

Answer 31

Finger like projections on outer of bell with sensory stuctures. Found in Scyphozoans.

Question 32

What are characteristics of Platyhelminthes?

Answer 32

``` Flat worms Unsegmented 3 Tissue layers No body cavity (coelom) Hermaphrodites with Internal fertilisation ```

Question 33

What are the characteristics of Class Turbelleria?

Answer 33

Ciliated epidermis- Particularly ventral (underside) | Digestive system variable in shape ans complexity

Question 34

Turbellarian reproduction:

Answer 34

Sexual and asexual Sexual complicated Asexual- they can literally break themselves in half and regenerate

Question 35

What are the characteristics of class Trematoda?

Answer 35

Parasites Larval stage as parasites on invertebrates Adult stage as parasites on vertebrates

Question 36

What are the characteristics of class Cestoda?

Answer 36

``` Tape worms Larvae parasitic on invertebrates Adults live in digestive tracts of vertebrates No gut of their own Hold on with suckers ```

Question 37

Characteristics of Phylum Annelida

Answer 37

Segmented Closed circulatory system- vessels act like hearts complete digestive tract Nervous system

Question 38

What does cephalised mean?

Answer 38

Has a head

Question 39

Characteristics of class Clitellata

Answer 39

Leeches and Earthworms Have a Clitellum- cylindrical glandular region of the epidermis Used for reproduction Hermaphrodites with permanent gonads

Question 40

What is the subclass of earthworms?

Answer 40

Subclass Oligochaeta

Question 41

What is the subclass of Leeches?

Answer 41

Subclass Hirudinea

Question 42

Characteristics of class Polychaeta:

Answer 42

``` Marine Have Parapodia- outgrowth of body wall Seperate sexes- most free spawn Developed head with brain Deposit feeders Reproduction in accordance with the moon ```

Question 43

Characteristics of Molluscs:

Answer 43

``` Bilaterally symmetric Cephalised Unsegmented Open circulatory system Nervous system ```

Question 44

What are the 4 parts of a mollusc?

Answer 44

Head, foot, mantle, visceral mass