BIOL 261 QUIZ 1

Question 1

levels of organization:

Answer 1

chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

Question 2

Sensor:

Answer 2

gives a receptor and locator, senses change

Question 3

stimulus:

Answer 3

deviation from set point

Question 4

integrator:

Answer 4

compares signal coming in to set point

Question 5

effector:

Answer 5

organ or tissue

Question 6

response:

Answer 6

change that occurs

Question 7

disturbance:

Answer 7

can’t get back to set point

Question 8

set point:

Answer 8

normal values

Question 9

error:

Answer 9

still normal values but not set point

Question 10

example of feed back loop for pulse rate:

Answer 10

Stimulus: Increase in pulse rate
Sensor: Baroreceptors in  arterial walls
Integrator: Sinoatrial node
Effector: Heart tissues
Response: Increase in blood flow to the heart and rest of body
Result: Pulse rate decreases

Question 11

example of feed back loop for respiratory

rate:

Answer 11

Stimulus: Increase in ppCO2
Sensor: chemoreceptors
Integrator: medulla oblongata
Effector: respiratory muscles
Response: increase in respiratory rate and depth
Result: decrease in ppCO2

Question 12

example of feedback loop for body temp:

Answer 12

Stimulus: Increase in body temp
Sensor: Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus
Integrator: Hypothalamus
Effector: Skin blood vessels and sweat glands
Response: Blood vessels in skin vasodilator-> release heat
sweat glands in skin release heat as sweat
Result: Decrease in body temp.

Question 13

3 monosaccharides:

Answer 13

• glucose
• galactose
• fructose

Question 14

Disaccharides:

Answer 14

2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration

Question 15

Monosaccharides:

Answer 15

simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms

Question 16

2 ex of disaccharides:

Answer 16

• sucrose= glu+fru

- maltose= glu+glu

Question 17

Polysaccharides:

Answer 17

Many monosaccharides condensed by dehydration to form a polymer

Question 18

complex carbohydrates:

Answer 18

cellulose-insoluble dietary fiber that keeps your digestive tract moving

Question 19

lipids

Answer 19

• made of carbon and hydrogen atoms

- hydrophobic

Question 20

1 important function of triglycerides:

Answer 20

Attract and store lipid-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, drugs, and toxins

Question 21

triglyceride:

Answer 21

glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acid tails

Question 22

what 2 things are essential for fatty acids?

Answer 22

omega-3 and omega-6

Question 23

Associated with healthy brain and nerve function and decreased body inflammation:

Answer 23

Omega-3

Question 24

Where can you find omega-3 fatty acids:

Answer 24

salmon, sardines

Question 25

Associated with inflammation:

Answer 25

Omega-6

Question 26

Where can you find omega-6?

Answer 26

eggs, animal meat

Question 27

fatty acids can be either:

Answer 27

-saturated (no double bonds) or -unsaturated (double bond)

Question 28

2 ex of unsaturated fatty acid:

Answer 28

1. monounsaturated | 2. polyunsaturated

Question 29

Single bonds:

Answer 29

- solid at room temp | - pack together tightly

Question 30

Double bonds:

Answer 30

- liquid at room temp | - kink

Question 31

4 things steroids are made up of:

Answer 31

- cholesterol - estrogen and testosterone - cortisteroids and calcitriol - bile salts

Question 32

cholesterol:

Answer 32

- insoluble in water | - carried throughout body by lipoproteins

Question 33

High in cholesterol and low in protein:

Answer 33

low-density lipoproteins

Question 34

Contain more protein than cholestrol:

Answer 34

high-density lipoproteins