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BIOL test 2 > BIOL test 2 > Flashcards

BIOL test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: The symbol Cl- is the chemical symbol for chlorine after it has lost an electron.

A

false

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2
Q 
Which one of the following always has a positive charge?
proton
neutron
electron
atom
element
A

proton

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3
Q

T or F: The symbol Na+ is the chemical symbol for sodium after it has lost an electron.

A

true

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4
Q

In _______, electron pairs are shared between atoms.

A

covalent

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5
Q

When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule _____.

A

is an ion

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6
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a possible function of carbohydrates ?

structural support
energy storage
energy source
catalyze reactions
All are carbohydrate functions.
A

catalyze reactions

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7
Q

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

A

starch

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8
Q

Enzymes are one type of:

A

protein

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9
Q

Which of the following molecules consists of repeating amino acids units?

A

protein

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10
Q

The name “double helix” refers to a ______ molecule.

A

DNA

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11
Q

Lipids

a. have more than twice the calorie content of protein.
b. are structural components of the cell wall.
c. are composed of chains of amino acids.
d. all of the above.
e. a and c are correct.

A

have more than twice the calorie content of protein

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12
Q

T or F: According to the Cell Theory, DNA is the genetic material in all cells.

A

False

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13
Q

The Cell Theory states that…

a. cells are the basic unit of life
b. all cells arise from preexisting cells
c. all organisms are composed of cells
d. all of the above
e. only a and c

A

All of the above

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14
Q

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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15
Q

The material which makes up the middle lamella and gives stickiness to fruit jellies is:

A

pectin

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16
Q

T or F: The cell wall is formed by the nucleus and consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary.

A

false

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17
Q

An organelle common in plant cells but not found in animal cells is the:

A

large central vacuole

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18
Q

Which organelle is correctly matched with its function?

a. endoplasmic reticulum; waste disposal
b. ribosome; protein synthesis
c. mitochondrion; transport
d. leucoplast; pigment storage

A

Ribosome; protein synthesis

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19
Q

Chloroplasts function in:

a. cell division
b. mitosis
c. photosynthesis
d. respiration

A

photosynthesis

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20
Q

An organelle found in all green plant cells is the:

a. chloroplast
b. chromoplast
c. leucoplast
d. microbody

A

chloroplast

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21
Q

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? (p. 148)

A

active transport

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22
Q

T or F:The quantity of water entering a cell in an isotonic solution is equal to the amount of water exiting.

A

true

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23
Q

T or F: A cell may become turgid when it is placed in pure water or a very weak solution.

A

true

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24
Q

The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called _____.

A

a centromere

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25
Q

It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase because:

A

they uncoil to form long, thin strands

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26
Q

Nucleoli are present during _____.

A

interphase

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27
Q

A cell which is not dividing is said to be in this stage:

A

interphase

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28
Q

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus and nucleolus disappear during this stage of mitosis:

A

prophase

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29
Q

Sister chromatids separate during ___________.

A

anaphase

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30
Q

Which one of the following represents a mismatch or incorrect description?

A

interphase: the nuclear envelope disappears

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31
Q

T or F: The division of the cytoplasm and its organelles occurs during interphase.

A

false

32
Q

If a cell gets flat and thin, but maintains the same volume, this will:

a. increase the surface area of the cell relative to its volume.
b. decrease the surface area of the cell relative to its volume.
c. keep surface area the same relative to volume.

A

increase the surface area of the cell relative to its volume

33
Q

T or F: Assuming the shape stays the same, a cell’s surface area increases at a faster rate than the volume as it grows in size.

A

false

34
Q

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.

A

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

35
Q

Fibers and sclereids belong to which major category of plant tissue?

A

ground

36
Q

A trichome belongs to which major category of plant tissue?

A

dermal

37
Q

A collenchyma cell belongs to which specific plant tissue?

A

collenchyma

38
Q

Which of the following is true about dermal tissue?

a. located only at the tips of stems and roots
b. covers the outer part of the plant
c. is embedded within the stems and roots
d. fills most of the interior of stems and roots

A

covers the 100% outer part of the plant

39
Q

_______are a type of cell in the epidermis that function in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

A

root hairs

40
Q

Root hairs are important to a plant because they _____.

A

increase the surface area for absorption

41
Q

The tissue in plants specialized for transporting food is:

A

phloem

42
Q

Which of the following is true about vascular tissue?

A

is embedded within the stems and roots

43
Q

Which vascular cells in plants must die before they become functional?

A

xylem cells

44
Q

Photosynthetic cells in leaves and water-storage cells in cacti are both types of _______ cells.

A

parenchyma

45
Q

Artichoke hearts are tender and tasty. The leaves are tasty too, but most of an artichoke leaf is fibrous and impossible to chew. The leaves must contain lots of _____.

A

sclerenchyma

46
Q

T or F: One type of cell that contains secondary walls is collenchyma.

A

false

47
Q

How do cells in a meristem differ from most other cells in a plant?

A

they continue to divide

48
Q

Which of the following is true about the apical meristems?

a. located only at the tips of stems and roots
b. covers the outer part of the plant
c. is embedded within the stems and roots
d. fills most of the interior of stems and root

A

located only at the tips of stems and roots

49
Q

The region of stem between two nodes is called:

A

an internode

50
Q

Monocot stems differ from dicot stems in that __________.

a. in cross section the vascular bundles of monocots have a scattered arrangement, whereas in dicots the vascular bundles are arranged in a circle
b. in cross section the vascular bundles of monocots are arranged in a circle, whereas in dicots the vascular bundles have a scattered arrangement
c. monocot stems have netted venation, whereas dicot stems have parallel venation
d. monocot stems have parallel venation, whereas dicot stems have netted venation
e. monocot stems have vascular bundles, whereas dicot stems do not have vascular bundles

A

in cross section the vascular bundles of monocots have a scattered arrangement, whereas in dicots the vascular bundles are arranged in a circle

51
Q

T or F: In herbaceous dicots, a central area of ground tissue is surrounded by a ring of vascular bundles.

A

true

52
Q

Pith occurs in

a. both monocot and dicot stems.
b. both monocot and dicot roots.
c. monocot stems and dicot roots.
d. monocot roots and dicot stems.
e. both monocot and dicot stems and roots.

A

monocot roots and dicot stems

53
Q

Most of our root vegetables are of the _____ root type.

A

tap

54
Q

T or F:The root hair zone develops in the region of elongation.

A

false

55
Q

The last thing all water and solute molecules must pass through before they can enter the vascular system and move upward to the leaves is _____.

A

an endodermal cell

56
Q

The Casparian strip allows water to move from the root cortex to the vascular cylinder without having to go through the endodermis.

A

false

57
Q

a central cross of xylem is characteristic of

A

dicot roots

58
Q

The stalk that supports the blade of a leaf is the:

A

Petiole

59
Q

Which statement about leaf anatomy is not true?

a. Stomata are controlled by paired guard cells.
b. The cuticle is secreted by the epidermis.
c. The veins contain xylem and phloem.
d. The cells of the spongy mesophyll are packed together, minimizing air space.

A

the cells of the spongy mesophyll are packed together, minimizing air space

60
Q

Secondary growth

a. occurs in the apical meristems.
b. requires cell division by the lateral meristems.
c. is more common in monocots than in dicots.
d. only takes place in stems.
e. only results in the formation of more vascular tissue.

A

requires cell division by the lateral meristems

61
Q

A vandal killed a historic oak tree on the village green by girdling it with a chain saw. He cut through the bark and into the wood all the way around the tree. Why did the tree die?

a. The leaves could not get carbon dioxide.
b. Oxygen could not get to the roots.
c. The roots could not get food.
d. The leaves could not get food.
e. The roots could not absorb water.

A

the roots could not get food

62
Q

If one leaf arises from the node of a stem, the leaf arrangement is said to be:

A

alternate

63
Q

The tiny pores by which oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide enter and exit leaves are called:

A

stomata

64
Q

The advantage of the spongy arrangement of mesophyll cells in the lower leaf layer is that it allows for

a. maximum absorption of sunlight for photosynthesis.
b. maximum diffusion of CO2 in the leaf.
c. maximum movement of water to leaf cells.
d. minimum water loss from the leaf.
e. minimum exchange of O2 within the leaf.

A

maximum diffusion of CO2 in the leaf

65
Q

A carnivorous plant that traps prey with sticky, flypaper like leaves is the:

A

sundew

66
Q

When a botanist speaks of wood, he is really speaking of:

a. the entire tree
b. the vascular cambium
c. the pith
d. the xylem

A

the xylem

67
Q

The vascular cambium of a stem does NOT produce _____.

a. cork
b. wood
c. secondary phloem
d. secondary xylem
e. secondary growth

A

cork

68
Q

In a woody plant the dermal tissue that develops after the epidermis breaks up is:

a. vascular cambium
b. periderm
c. secondary phloem
d. primary xylem
e. cork cambium

A

periderm

69
Q

The blade of a _______ leaf consists of multiple leaflets arranged along a linear central axis.

A

pinnately compound

70
Q

What is the most important function of a leaf?

A

photosynthesis

71
Q

Arrange the structures found in a typical leaf blade from inside to outside.

a. vascular bundle, mesophyll, epidermis
b. mesophyll, vascular bundle, epidermis
c. epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundle

A

maximum movement of CO2 in the leaf

72
Q

The growth rings that contribute to the diameter or girth of a tree are considered ___________.

A

secondary growth

73
Q

Annual rings in wood reflect the fact that in climates with a single growing season every year, the __________ divides actively when water is plentiful and temperatures are suitable for growth, and ceases to divide when water is scarce and the temperatures restrict growth.

A

vascular cambium

74
Q

The inner layer of the bark of a tree consists of:

A

secondary phloem

75
Q

In which of the following states would you be least likely to find annual rings in dicot tree trunks?

a. Maine
b. Washington
c. Kansas
d. Arizona
e. Hawaii

A

hawaii

76
Q

In woody plants what is the function of cork?

A

protection

BIOL test 2 (1 decks)

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