BIOL1002 Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is cell theory?
Cells are the fundamental units that form organisms, and originate from pre existing cells.
State what a prokaryote is
Prokaryotes are types of cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, but store DNA in a nucleoid and form organisms such as bacteria and archaea.
Plasmid
small loops of DNA that are separate from circular DNA, which contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes to provide antibiotic resistance.
Polysaccharide Capsule
Slimy outer layer that protects the bacteria from desiccation. Adheres to surfaces as well as protecting cell from attack from the immune system
Flagellum
Long-tail structure that enables rotation and motility.
Cell Wall
provides structure and rigidity to the cell by containing the cytoplasm, as well protecting from dehydration
Cell membrane
Selectively semipermeable lipid membrane that controls the intake and outtake of cell.
Cytoplasm
Jelly like solution and is made of water salt and proteins
Ribosomes
sites of protein synthesis
Pili
long structures that are involved in conjugation.
What structures are unique to prokaryotes
Plasmid, polysaccharide capsule, flagellum, no nucleus
State what a eukaryote is
Eukaryotes are cells with nucleuses,and intercellular membranes that form subcellular structures, these are large cells that are metabolically cells that form animal cells and are complex.
Plasma membrane
a phospholipid bilayer that separates the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm by acting as a semi permeable membrane, and contains proteins that are form channels and react to stimuli and peripheral proteins that bind to hormones and cell interactions
Nucleus
a double-membraned structure that stores the cell’s DNA. DNA is organised into structures called chromosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of membranous tubules that participate in protein and lipid synthesis.
Rough ER
studded with ribosomes, making it the site for protein synthesis
Smooth ER
involved in lipid synthesis as well as hydrolysis of glycogen
Golgi Apparatus
flattened membranous sacs involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for transport
Mitochondria
double-membraned organelles are where aerobic respiration takes place, producing ATP
Chloroplasts
Present only in plant cells ,sites of photosynthesis where light energy is converted into chemical energy
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules into monomers
Vacuoles
Large membrane-bound sacs that store various substances. In plant cells, the central vacuole is particularly large and is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure.
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that provide structural support, help maintain cell shape, and are involved in cell movement and division. It includes structures like microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
Peroxisomes
Small, round organelles surrounded by a single membrane and containing enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxify certain chemicals.
