BIOL121

Question 1

Function of a cell

Answer 1

Basic function, structure

Carries out ALL chemical activities

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

Semi-permeable - controls movement of substances

Question 3

Structure of plasma membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

4 types of tissues (CEMN)

Answer 4

1. Connective
2. Epithelial
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 5

Homeostatic mechanism (3 steps)

Answer 5

1. Receptor
2. Control centre
3. Effector

Question 6

2 types of body cavities

Answer 6

Thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 7

Define ventricle

Answer 7

Cavity in brain (contains CSF)

Question 8

Difference between grey and white matter

Answer 8

Grey = cell bodies
White = myelinated axons

Question 9

4 lobes of the brain (F-POT)

Answer 9

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 10

Functions of the 4 lobes of the brain

Answer 10

F = memory
P = sense
O = sight
T = hearing

Question 11

Function of ANS

Answer 11

Regulates organ functions

Question 12

Divisions of the ANS

Answer 12

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Question 13

2 types of nerve cells (SA-ME)

Answer 13

Sensory = Afferent
Motor = Efferent

Question 14

3 parts of a neuron

Answer 14

Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheath

Question 15

Define Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

Answer 15

Neuron at rest, POLARISED

Question 16

3 stages of an action potential

Answer 16

1. Depolarisation
2. Repolarisation
3. Refractory phase

Question 17

3 types of muscle cells

Answer 17

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

Question 18

3 types of cartilage + purpose

Answer 18

Hyaline - friction
Elastic - support
Fibrocartilage - compression

Question 19

2 division of the skeleton

Answer 19

Axial (middle)

Appendicular

Question 20

3 types of ribs

Answer 20

Ture
False
Floating

Question 21

Bone composition

Answer 21

Bone matrix

Question 22

Tendon vs. Ligament

Answer 22

Tendon = muscle-bone
Ligament = bone-bone

Question 23

2 hormone relationships

Answer 23

Antagonist - works in opposing ways

Synergist - works together

Question 24

Process of heart conducting system (cycle)

Answer 24

SA
AV
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibres

Question 25

Conducting vs respiratory zone

Answer 25

``` Conducting = no gas exchange Respiratory = gas exchange ```

Question 26

3 types of pressures in pulmonary ventilation

Answer 26

Atmospheric Intra-alveolar Intrapleural

Question 27

3 phases of filtration in a nephron

Answer 27

1. Glomerular 2. Tubule 3. Renal corpuscle

Question 28

Bile storage

Answer 28

Stored in gallbladder

Question 29

3 phases of digestion

Answer 29

1. Cephalic 2. Gastric 3. Intestinal

Question 30

Features of small intestine

Answer 30

Circular folds, villi - provide large SA

Question 31

4 fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 31

ADEK

Question 32

Number of chromosomes

Answer 32

23 pairs

Question 33

Male vs. Female chromosomes

Answer 33

``` M = XY F = XX ```

Question 34

Allele

Answer 34

Copy of chromosome

Question 35

2 types of alleles

Answer 35

1. Homozygous (identical) | 2. Heterozygous (different)

Question 36

Genotype vs. Phenotype

Answer 36

``` Genotype = alleles you have Phenotype = genotypes expressed ```

Question 37

Antigen

Answer 37

Substance that identifies invaders

Question 38

2 types of defences

Answer 38

``` Active = own immunity Passive = parental immunity ```

Question 39

Purpose of bone marrow

Answer 39

WBC production

Question 40

Lymph node purpose

Answer 40

Filters lymph

Question 41

Lymph

Answer 41

Fluid containing WBC's

Question 42

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Answer 42

``` Pro = no specific organelles Eu = membrane-bound organelles ```

Question 43

4 virulence factors / pathogenic properties

Answer 43

1. Adhesion 2. Invasion 3. Evasion (hides) 4. Toxins

Question 44

Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics

Answer 44

``` Kinetics = what body does to drug Dynamics = what drug does to body ```

Question 45

Half-life

Answer 45

Time taken for drug concentration to be halved

Question 46

Agonist vs Antagonist drug

Answer 46

Agonist - activates receptors | Antagonist - blocks receptors