BIOL131

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

The study of the structure of animal and plant tissue

Question 2

Cytology

Answer 2

Study if microscopic appearance of cells under the microscope

Question 3

Malignancy

Answer 3

Abnormal cells invade surrounding tissues

Question 4

Metastasis

Answer 4

Spreading of cancer from its original site to other parts of the body via lymph/blood

Question 5

Proliferate

Answer 5

To divide

Question 6

Neoplasm

Answer 6

Proliferate in a poorly-regulated manner, this is the new growth

Question 7

Differentiaton

Answer 7

Immature cells become mature cells with specific function

Question 8

Neoplastic Mass

Answer 8

Known as a tumour

Question 9

Pleomorphism

Answer 9

Variation in shape and size of cells

Question 10

Nuclear Hyperchromatism

Answer 10

Increase in nuclear staining

Question 11

Squamous Cell

Answer 11

Linings eg, gut, cervix, skin

Question 12

Dysplasia

Answer 12

Abnormal growth or development

Question 13

Anaplasia

Answer 13

Reversion of cell to primitive/undifferentiated state

Question 14

Neoplasia

Answer 14

Formation of tumour

Question 15

Oncology

Answer 15

Study and treatment of cancer

Question 16

Adenoma

Answer 16

Benign tumour in glandular structure

Question 17

Glandular

Answer 17

Epithelial origin

Question 18

Carcinoma

Answer 18

Malignant tumour in glandular structure

Question 19

Ultrasound

Answer 19

Uses high frequency sound waves, low resolution, low cost, no ionising radiation

Question 20

CT scan

Answer 20

Uses x-rays to image organs quickly

Question 21

MRI scan

Answer 21

Uses strong magnetic fields and radiowaves to make more detail at a slower speed than CT

Question 22

Resolution

Answer 22

The separation distance at which 2 objects in an image can be apart and still distinguished as separate

Question 23

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 23

Uses antibodies to label a specific protein or cell

Question 24

Adaptation

Answer 24

Cellular change that may result in abnormal cell growth

Question 25

Abnormal cell growth

Answer 25

Such as dysplasia/neoplastic growth

Question 26

Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs)

Answer 26

Protect proteins, assist refolding, prevent protein aggregation

Question 27

Ubiquitin

Answer 27

Targets protein for destruction by specfic proteases (proteasome)

Question 28

Hyperplasia

Answer 28

Increase in number of tissue cells due to increased cell division

Question 29

Hypertrophy

Answer 29

Increase in size of existing cells, matched by increase in functional capacity

Question 30

Apoptosis

Answer 30

Responsible for elimination of unwanted/damaged cells

Question 31

Hypoxia

Answer 31

Reduction or absence of normal oxygen supply to an organ