Biolab 10: Histology II

Question 1

connective tissue

Answer 1

the function of connective tissue is ot bind and support other tissues

Question 2

major types of connective tissue in the body

Answer 2

adipose tissue
fibrous tissue
cartilage 
bone
blood

Question 3

adipose tissue

Answer 3

is specialized type of loose connective tisue, which pads organs insulates the body and stores fule molecule (fat)

Question 4

fibrous connective tissue

Answer 4

section of tendons, which join muscle to bone -tendons have been trated in such a fashion that the fibers are teased apart, strength is a quality of the tissue

Question 5

cartilaginous tissue

Answer 5

supporting tissue makes up the framework of certain organs covers the articulating surfaces of bone and makes up large part of fetal skeletons of vertebrates

Question 6

three types of cartilage

Answer 6

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 7

hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

found on the articulating srfaces of most bones and th ec-rings of the trachea

Question 8

elastic cartilage

Answer 8

found in the epiglottis, the external ear and the Eustachian tube of the ear

Question 9

fibrocartilage

Answer 9

found in the intervertebral disks

Question 10

chondrocytes

Answer 10

cartilage cell that sit in small spaces called lacunae

Question 11

bone tissue

Answer 11

the repeating units called Haversian systems or osteons

Question 12

havrsian canal

Answer 12

that encloses the blood vessels and nerves which service the bone cells

Question 13

osteocytes

Answer 13

bone cell that are living cells which lie in small spaces called lacunae, which are arranged in concentric rings aorund the haversian canal

Question 14

blood

Answer 14

celluar components are the blood cells and the nonliving matrix is the fluid portion of the blood known as plasma</p><p style="text-align: center;"> - general function of blood is ot transport materials form place to place in the animals body</p>

Question 15

blood cells broken down into three groups

Answer 15

erythocytes, leukocytes,platelets or thrombocytes

Question 16

erythrocytes

Answer 16

• are red blood cells, contain hemoglobin, that binds oxygen
• most abundant cells in blood
• biconcave disk shape with a plae center and no nucleus

Question 17

leukocytes

Answer 17

white blood cells

• general function in fighting infection and can be recognized by the presence of a large blue-purple stained nucleus
• can be subdivided into two groups, granulocytes and agranulocytes
• granulocytes have strongly staining granules as agranulocytes do not

Question 18

neutrophils

Answer 18

make up 60-70%
nulculus generally has three to give segments
- the cytoplasmic granules stain a faint lavender color
- they destory small particles by phagocytosis, their umbers increase hwen there is a localized infection in the body and tend to decreased under conditions such as tyhpoid fever and influenza

Question 19

eosinophils

Answer 19

make up 2-4% of leukocytes

• nucleus has 2 segments
• large granule stain a red orange color due to their strong affinity to the red stain, eosin, hence, and name eosino
• eosinophils attack parasites and inactivate inflammation producing substances
• an increase in the # of eosinohils is sexpected under allergic ocnditions and parastiic worm invasions

Question 20

basophils

Answer 20

make up 0.5-1% of leukocytes

• they are very rare
• nucleus has 3 segmetns
• large granules stain a dark blue-purple due to their affinity to the basic stain
• thought to release anticoagulants and histamines

Question 21

agranulocytes

Answer 21

do not contain granules

- two types lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 22

lymphocytes

Answer 22

make up 20-25% of leukocytes

• small cell with a large round blue-purple nucleus that takes up most intracellular space
• small rim of blue cytoplasm is usually observed around nucleus
• function in the immune system, # increase when there is a viral infection

Question 23

monocytes

Answer 23

make up 3-8%

• largest of all blood cells
• nucleus tends to be very large and can vary in shape from round to lobed
• cytoplasm stianed light blue

Question 24

platelets

Answer 24

known as thrombocytes

• smallest of cellular components of blood
• non-nucleated cytoplasmic fragments of larger parent cells found in the bone barrow
• vital role in initating the clotting process

Question 25

muscular tissue

Answer 25

three types 1. skeletal muscle 2. smooth muscle 3. cardiac muscle

Question 26

skeletal muscle

Answer 26

also known as striated muscle, generally associated with volutnary or reflex movement of the skeleton - usually of short duration, and can be very rapid

Question 27

smooth muscle

Answer 27

known as visceral muscle - typically found in blood vessels , the digestive sytem, the lungs, the urogenital system and attached to hair follicles - slow acting, capable of sustained contraction - smooth muscle, under involuntary control

Question 28

cardiac muscle

Answer 28

heart muscle - faint striations, - cardiac muscle has mixture of smooth and skeleton muscles - unique feature in that its fibers are branched and interconnected, allowing a faster nervous impluse through the heart - each mucle cell contains only one centrally located nucleus

Question 29

intercalated discs

Answer 29

junction between 2 cardiac muscle cells show up as stronger colored badns perpendicular to the muscle fibers

Question 30

nervous

Answer 30

specialized in receiving information from the external and internal milieu - functional unit of nervous tissue is known as the neuron - the neuron is specialized in the conduction of impulses, it is composed of cell body and two types of processes: axons and dendrites

Question 31

dendrites

Answer 31

cell extensions that conduct impulses twoard the cell body , the number of dendites on a nerve cell body can vary from none to several

Question 32

axons

Answer 32

conduct impulses away from the certain nerve cells are enclosed in an insulating layer called the myelin sheath

Question 33

myelin sheath

Answer 33

increases the speed of nervous impluses, formed by schwann cells that grown in a ciruclar fashion around the axon , increasing the insulation capacity of the nerve

Question 34

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 34

the junction between schwann cells