Biolgoicql Rhythms

Question 1

What are biological rhythms ?

Answer 1

A periodic activity governed by internal biological clocks ( End pace)
External changes in the environment (eco ziet)

Question 2

How long does a circadian rhythm last and give an example?

Answer 2

About 24 hours e.g sleep wake cycle

Question 3

How do endogenous pacemakers come into play in the sleep wake cycle?

Answer 3

Biological clock left to its own devices (no light)

Question 4

How do exogenous zietgebers come into play in the sleep wake cycle ?

Answer 4

Drowsy at night awake in day effects of daylight

Question 5

What is the basic rhythm of the sleep wake cycle governed by?

Answer 5

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN provide info on light from eyes

Question 6

Who created a free running study and did they do/find?

Answer 6

Siffre
Dark caves
Sleep wake cycle to 25 hours
Did have a regular cycle

Question 7

World war 2 bunker for 4 weeks deprived of light who created it ?

Answer 7

Aschoff and Wever similar findings of 24-25 hour cycles with one at 29

Question 8

Folkard et al studied 12 people dark cave 3 weeks he shortened the clock to a 22 hour day what happened ?

Answer 8

Only one properly adjusted suggesting that endogenous pacemakers have a greater impact ( bio clock)

Question 9

What is the length of an infradian rhythm ?

Answer 9

Less than one cycle in 24 hours ( over 24 hours)

Question 10

Example of Infradian rhythm and a basic outline of process

Answer 10

Menstrual cycle- rising levels of oestrogen cause ovary to realease egg(ovulation) womb lining is created for pregnancy if no pregnancy then menstrual flow occuesn

Question 11

Stern and mclintock studied how many women with irregular periods. And what did they take from their armpits and put on other women’s upper lip?

Answer 11

29women and their pheromones

Question 12

68% of women experienced a change to their … putting them close to the cycle of their…

Answer 12

Cycle
Odour donor

Question 13

What does stern and McClintocks study take into account?

Answer 13

The effects of exogenous zietgebers

Question 14

What does SAD stand for as an infraidian rhythm?

Answer 14

Seasonal affective disorder ( a depressive disorder as the seasons change)

Question 15

What could SAD be caused by ?

Answer 15

When the winter we have darker days, increasing melatonin which is produced in the dark lowering serotonin and causing depressive symptoms

Question 16

Length of an ultradian rhythm and an example

Answer 16

More than one cycle in 24 hours ( less than 24 hours)
Stages of sleep

Question 17

What is the length of a sleep pattern and how many stages are there?

Answer 17

90 minutes 5 stages

Question 18

According to an EEG the brainwave activity is different at very level describe each level?

Answer 18

1- light easily woken high frequency and short amplitude BW(alpha waves)
2.continued alphaW but occasional changes in pattern (sleep spindles
3&4.deep or slow wave sleep lower frequency higher amplitude hard to wake
5. REM sleep body paralysed brain active as if awake theta waves dreams most common and rapid eye movement