Biologic Oxidation

Question 0

Gain of electrons

Answer 0

Reduction

Question 1

Removal or loss of electrons

Answer 1

Oxidation

Question 2

Occur when electrons are transferred between an electron donor and an electron acceptor

Answer 2

Redox reactions

Question 3

Oxidizing agent

Answer 3

Oxidizes substrate
Oxidant
Electron acceptor
Must be in oxidized state
Converted to the reduced form

Question 4

Reducing agent

Answer 4

Reduces a substrate
Reductant
Electron donor
Must be in the reduced state
Converted to the oxidized state

Question 5

The tendency for a specific substances to lose or gain electrons

Answer 5

Redox or reduction potential

Question 6

Redox potential of the standard hydrogen electrode is

Answer 6

0.0 volts at 1 atm

Question 7

The more negative the E value is for a redox pair

Answer 7

The lowerits affinity for electrons

Question 8

The more positive the E value is,

Answer 8

The greater the affinity of the redox pair for electrons

Question 9

Transfer electrons directly to oxygen

Answer 9

Oxidase

Question 10

Terminal component of the respiratory chain

Answer 10

Ctochrome oxidase

Question 11

Prosthetic group of cytochrome oxidase

Answer 11

2hemes

Question 12

Cytochrome oxidase inhibited by

Answer 12

Carbon monoxide
Cyanide
Hydrogen sulfide

Question 13

Pristhetic groups of flovoprotein oxidases

Answer 13

Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin dinucleotide

Question 14

Flovoprotein oxidases derivatives of

Answer 14

Vitamin B2 or riboflavin

Eg. L- amino acid oxidase

Question 15

Transfer hydrogen from one substrate to another but not to oxygen

Answer 15

Dehydrogenases

Question 16

Use derivatives of niacin as co enzymes

Answer 16

Pyridine-linked dehydrogenases

Question 17

Linked dehydrogenase

Involved in oxidative pathways of metabolism that generates ATP

Answer 17

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+

Question 18

Eg of NAD+

Answer 18

Glycolysis
Kreb cycle
ETC

Question 19

Linked dehydrogenase, involved in reductive synthesis

Answer 19

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADP

Question 20

Eg of NADP

Answer 20

Fatty acid

Steroid synthesis

Question 21

These are FMN and FAD which are more tightly bound

Involved in electron transport in the respiratory chain and therefore ATP generation

Answer 21

Flavin-linked dehydrogenases

Question 22

Examples of Flavin linked dehydrogenases

Answer 22

NADH
Succinate
Acyl-CoA
Glycerol 3- phosphate dehydrogenases

Question 23

An intermediate in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and @ketoglutarate

Answer 23

Flavin- linked dehydrogenase

Question 24

They are iton containing hemiproteins Involved as carries of electrons from flavoproteins to cytochrome oxidase

Answer 24

Cytochrome except cytochrome oxidase

Question 25

Cytochromes occur in the respiratory chain such as

Answer 25

Cytochromes b, c1, c and a

Question 26

Use hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxide as substrate | Found in peroxisomes

Answer 26

Hydroperoxidases

Question 27

Hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water by substances that act as electron acceptors

Answer 27

Peroxidase

Question 28

Peroxidase are found in

Answer 28

Leukocytes Platelets RBC Milk

Question 29

Prosthetic group of peroxidase

Answer 29

Protoheme

Question 30

Protects thr RBC membrane against oxidation by peroxides

Answer 30

Glutathione peroxidase

Question 31

Uses hydrogen peroxide as electron donor and electron acceptor to form water

Answer 31

Catalase

Question 32

Catalase are found in

Answer 32

``` Blood Bone marrow Mucous membrane Kidney Liver ```

Question 33

Catalase destroys

Answer 33

H2O2

Question 34

Catalyze the direct transfer and incorporation of oxygen into a substrate molecule

Answer 34

Oxygenases

Question 35

Incorporate both atoms of molecular oxygen into a substrate

Answer 35

Dioxygenase

Question 36

Example of dioxygenase

Answer 36

Homogentisate L-tryptophan Hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenases

Question 37

Incorporates only one atom of molecular oxygen into the substrate

Answer 37

Monooxygenase

Question 38

Monooxygeanase also called

Answer 38

Mixedfunction oxidases | Hydroxylases

Question 39

Monooxygenase products formed are

Answer 39

Hydroxylated

Question 40

Monooxygenases important for the detoxification of many drugs and hydroxylation of steroids

Answer 40

Cytochrome P450

Question 41

Cytochrome P450 are heme containing

Answer 41

Enzyme

Question 42

Donate for the reduction of Cytochrome P450

Answer 42

NADH | NADPH

Question 43

Due to conversion of oxygen to superoxide | Formed when reduced flavins are reoxidized univalently by O2

Answer 43

Oxygen toxicity

Question 44

It protects aerobic organisms against oxygen toxicity

Answer 44

Superoxide dismutase