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Pyschology > Biological > Flashcards

Biological Flashcards

1
Q

Localisation of Function

A

Maguire et al (2000)

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2
Q

Brain Plasticity

A

Maguire et al (2000)

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3
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Fisher (2005)

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4
Q

Hormones

A

Dabbs et al (1995)

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5
Q

Pheromones

A

Wedekind (1995)

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6
Q

Evolutionary Explanations for behaviour

A

Wedekind (1995)

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7
Q

Genetic similarities

A

Gottesman & Shields (1991)

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8
Q

Genetic behaviour

A

Gottesman & Shields (1991)

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9
Q

Maguire (2000) Aim

A
  • study the ability for the brain to undergo plastic changes in response to increased navigational requirements
  • determine the role of hippocampus in spatial memory
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10
Q

Maguire (2000) type, & participants

A

Type: Correlational Study

Participants:
- 16 taxi drivers from London
- 50 control
- all right handed

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11
Q

Maguire (2000) Method

A
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of participants brains
  • analysed with pixel counting for size of hippocampus
  • & VBM (voxel-based morphometry) for density/volume of hippocampus
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12
Q

Maguire (2000) Results

A
  • post-interior hippocampus significantly larger
    (Pixel counting)
  • volume of post-interior hippocampus correlated with amount of time spent as taxi driver
    (VBM)
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13
Q

Maguire (2000) Implications

A
  • environmental pressures to learn navigation of London made the brain plastic to increase volume & size of post-interior hippocampus
  • post-interior hippocampus stores spatial information
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14
Q

Fisher (2005) Aim, & experiment type

A

To investigate role of neurotransmitters in early stage love

Laboratory experiment

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15
Q

Fisher (2005) Participants

A
  • 17 participants
  • in an average of 7 months long relationship
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16
Q

Fisher (2005) method

A
  • interviewed to establish intensity of relationship
  • scanned the brains using Functional MRI (fMRI) which shows active parts of brain
  • shown photo of partner for 30 seconds
  • (control) shown photo of acquaintance
17
Q

Fisher (2000) Results

A
  • VTA (ventral tegmental area) showed significant increased activity
  • VTA is highly concentrated with dopamine receptors
18
Q

Fisher (2000) Implications

A
  • neurotransmitters dopamine linked to arousal, attention & motivation are more likely to be activated due to VTA receptors
  • VTA & dopamine activation could result in the behaviours of people in early stage love
19
Q

Dabbs (1995) Aim & Experiment type

A
  • to investigate relationship between testosterone levels & violence
  • correlational study
20
Q

Dabbs (1995) participants

A
  • 692 male inmates
21
Q

Dabbs (1995) Method

A
  • saliva samples taken to designate participants into groups based on high, medium, or low levels of testosterone
  • then crimes were categorised as violent or non-violent
  • these two factors where mapped out and correlated
22
Q

Dabbs (1995) Results & implications

A
  • higher testosterone resulted in higher likelihood to have committed violent crime & misbehaviour in prison
  • testosterone levels may cause increased aggressive behaviour among men
23
Q

Wedekind (1995) Aim

A
  • to determine whether female attraction of males body odour are dependant on MHC genes which can be expressed through scent
24
Q

Wedekind (1995) Experiment type & Participants

A

Laboratory experiment

49 females & 44 males (uni students)

25
Q

Wedekind (1995) Method

A
  • all participants had MHC genes identified
  • male participants were asked to wear a shirt for 2 days straight
  • on day 3 females smelt the shirt and ranked the odour from 1-10
26
Q

Wedekind (1995) Results

A
  • females consistently preferred smell of men with dissimilar MHC genes to their own
27
Q

Wedekind (1995) Implications

A
  • pheromones released in our scent plays a role in initial attraction
  • pheromones are determined by our genes, so our genes may dictate our initial attraction
  • we are attracted to differing genes because that will create genetically diverse offspring
28
Q

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Aim & Experiment

A
  • examine the relationship between genes and developing schizophrenia
  • Field survey
29
Q

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Participants

A
  • 57 pairs of twins
  • 24 monozygotic (MZ) (100% shared genes)
  • 33 dizygotic (DZ) (50% shared genes)
30
Q

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Method

A
  • 1 of the twins from each pair already had SZ which they had found from hospital records
  • then researchers interviewed other twin W/O SZ from the pair and obtained their hospital records to find their likelihood of also having SZ
31
Q

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Results

A
  • MZ twins have 48% chance of developing SZ if other twin has SZ
  • DZ twins have 17% chance
32
Q

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Implications

A
  • concluded that genetic inheritance plays a role in developing SZ and related psychiatric disorders

Pyschology (5 decks)

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