Biological approach Flashcards
What are the assumptions to the biological approach ?
- Humans are biological beings
- Innate behaviours
- Behaviours have a physical basis
What do the biological approach say about neurochemistry ?
- chemicals in the brain
- behaviours and thought rely on neurotransmitter and synaptic transmission
- Imbalance of neurotransmitters can impact mental health (OCD, schizophrenia, depression)
How do we investigate whether behaviours are inherited ?
Twin studies
- Twin studies are done to investigate whether certain psychological characteristics have a genetic basis
- This is achieved by analysing concordance rates (the extent to which twins share the same characteristics)
What is a genotype ?
Actual genetic makeup
What is a phenotype ?
Expression of genes through characteristics, interaction with environment
What do the biological approach say about evolution and behaviour ?
- Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection
- He said that the main principle of this theory is that any genetically determine behaviour that enhances an individuals survival will continue future generation
- In nature the most desirable characteristics will naturally be selected and bred
What are the strengths to the biological approach ?
Use of scientific methods
- Rigorous brain scanning, twin studies.
- They give high levels of control.
- These methods are precise and objective.
Real world application
- Increased understanding of neurochemical processes in the brain us associated with the use of psychoactive drugs to treat serious mental disorder
- promoted antidepressant drugs to treat clinical depression
What is a limitation of the biological approach ?
Biological determinism
Determinist approach - see’s human behaviour as governed by internal, genetic causes which we have no control over.
Also by it being a purely genetic argument it becomes problematic
Suggests that the approach is too simplistic and ignores the mediating effects of the environment
