biological approach to explaining OCD

Question 1

genetic explanations for OCD

Answer 1

OCD is believed to be inherited, involving specific candidate genes and a polygenic condition

Question 2

two genes linked to OCD

Answer 2

COMT gene
SERT gene
- These genes are associated with neurotransmitter regulation and transport

Question 3

COMT gene

Answer 3

regulates production of dopamine

Question 4

diathesis stress

Answer 4

the idea of a simple link between one gene and complex disorder like OCD is unlikely

Question 5

serotonin

Answer 5

regulates mood; lower levels are associated with mood disorders, including OCD
- SERT gene is linked to serotonin transport issues

Question 6

What neurotransmitter is associated with compulsive behaviors in OCD

Answer 6

Dopamine

Question 7

What brain regions are implicated in OCD

Answer 7

overactivity in the OFC and caudate nucleus, along with imbalances in serotonin, disrupt normal brain function and lead to the cycle of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors typical of OCD

Question 8

polygenic

Answer 8

involvement of up to 230 different genes

Question 9

strengths

Answer 9

✅ Strong genetic evidence
→ Example: Nestadt et al. (2010) found people with a first-degree relative with OCD were 5 times more likely to develop it.

✅ Support from brain imaging
→ Example: Abnormalities in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nucleus have been linked to OCD

Question 10

limitations

Answer 10

❌ Not entirely genetic
→ Example: Concordance rates in identical twins are never 100%, suggesting environmental factors play a role.

❌ Reductionist
→ Example: Overlooks cognitive, emotional, and social influences in the development of OCD