Biological Bases of Behavior\

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system

Question 2

Cell body

Answer 2

the cells life-support

Question 3

Dendrite

Answer 3

receive messages from other cells

Question 4

axon

Answer 4

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and glands

Question 5

terminal branches

Answer 5

form junctions

Question 6

myelin sheath

Answer 6

insulation for the axon; helps speed up neural impulses

Question 7

glial cells

Answer 7

the support systems of neurons

Question 8

action potential

Answer 8

electrical signal that turn chemical via neurotransmitters

Question 9

threshold

Answer 9

level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 10

acetylcholine

Answer 10

plays a role in memory and learning

Question 11

dopamine

Answer 11

movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Question 12

serotonin

Answer 12

affects mood, hunger, and arousal

Question 13

norepinephrine

Answer 13

controls alertness and arousal

Question 14

GABA

Answer 14

regulates nervous system

Question 15

glutamate

Answer 15

major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory

Question 16

endorphins

Answer 16

natural, opiate like neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure

Question 17

agonist

Answer 17

excite neuron firing

Question 18

antagonist

Answer 18

inhibits neuron firing

Question 19

central nervous system

Answer 19

the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

peripheral nervous system

Answer 20

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the cns to the rest of the body

Question 21

nerves

Answer 21

bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the cns with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Question 22

somatic nervous system

Answer 22

the division of the pns that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

Question 23

autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

part of the pns that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs

Question 24

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

arouses the body

Question 25

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

calms the body

Question 26

endocrine system

Answer 26

set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

controls the pituitary gland

Question 28

thyroid

Answer 28

affects metabolism and controls growth

Question 29

pituitary gland

Answer 29

"master gland"; secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands

Question 30

parathyroid

Answer 30

regulates calcium levels in the blood

Question 31

pancreas

Answer 31

regulates blood sugar levels(insulin)

Question 32

adrenal gland

Answer 32

secretes adrenaline(cortisone)

Question 33

testes

Answer 33

secretes male sex hormones

Question 34

ovares

Answer 34

secretes female sex hormones

Question 35

brainstem

Answer 35

regulates basic functions: breathing, resting, and feeding

Question 36

medulla

Answer 36

controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 37

pons

Answer 37

controls sleep and helps coordinate movement

Question 38

thalamus

Answer 38

sensory control center

Question 39

reticular formation

Answer 39

neuron network from the spinal cord to the thalamus

Question 40

cerebellum

Answer 40

enables nonverbal learning and skill memory

Question 41

limbic system

Answer 41

controls our emotions and drives

Question 42

amygdala

Answer 42

emotion and survival responses(fight or flight)

Question 43

hippocampus

Answer 43

processes conscious explicit memories and decreases in size with age

Question 44

cerbral cortex

Answer 44

body's ultimate control and information processing center

Question 45

frontal lobes

Answer 45

behind the forehead

Question 46

parietal lobes

Answer 46

receives sensory input and body positions

Question 47

occipital lobes

Answer 47

controls vision

Question 48

temporal lobes

Answer 48

controls hearing

Question 49

motor cortex

Answer 49

controls voluntary movement

Question 50

somatosensory cortex

Answer 50

register and processes body touch and movement sensations

Question 51

auditory cortex

Answer 51

processes any sound you hear

Question 52

visual cortex

Answer 52

visual information travels from the occipital lobes to other areas

Question 53

association areas

Answer 53

integrates information involved in learning, remembering, thinking, and other high level functions

Question 54

plasticity

Answer 54

the brains ability to change

Question 55

neurogenesis

Answer 55

producing new neurons

Question 56

corpus callosum

Answer 56

band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres

Question 57

dual processing

Answer 57

information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 58

blindsight

Answer 58

a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

Question 59

monozygotic twins

Answer 59

share 100% of their genes

Question 60

dizygotic twins

Answer 60

share 50% of their genes

Question 61

epigenetics

Answer 61

genes being activated or deactivated