Biological Bases of Behavior

Question 1

Type of conditions: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Scrapie, Deer wasting disease, Kuru, Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

Answer 1

prion diseases

Question 2

Neurotransmitter implicated in concentration

Answer 2

noradrenaline

Question 3

Neurotransmitter implicated in pleasure

Answer 3

dopamine

Question 4

Neurotransmitter implicated in mood

Answer 4

serotonin

Question 5

Neurotransmitter implicated in calming

Answer 5

GABA

Question 6

Neurotransmitter implicated in learning, muscle control

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

Neurotransmitter implicated in memory

Answer 7

glutamate

Question 8

Neurotransmitter implicated in eurphoria

Answer 8

endorphins

Question 9

Class of neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine

Answer 9

amines

Question 10

Class of neurotransmitters including dynorphins, endorphins

Answer 10

opioid peptides

Question 11

Class of neurotransmitters including glutamate, GABA, aspartic acid

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

Class of neurotransmitters including ACTH, GH, TH, prolactin

Answer 12

Pituitary peptides

Question 13

Neurotransmitter associated with Alzheimer’s

Answer 13

acetylcholine

Question 14

Neurotransmitter associated with depression, migraines, ADHD, anxiety

Answer 14

serotonin

Question 15

Neurotransmitter associated with (high) schizophrenia and (low) parkinson’s

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

Neurotransmitter associated with epileptic seizures

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

Neurotransmitter associated with migraine, stroke, autism

Answer 17

glutamate

Question 18

Posited that memory is stored in different regions of the brain

Answer 18

Fuster

Question 19

Founder of neuroscience: neurology, anterior commissure, cerebellar peduncles, internal capsule, vagus nerve

Answer 19

Thomas Willis

Question 20

Cells that aid and modulate neuron acitvity

Answer 20

glial cells

Question 21

Association neurons, associate sensory and motor activity within CNS

Answer 21

interneurons

Question 22

outermost layer of gray matter making up superficial aspect of cerebrum

Answer 22

Cerebral cortex

Question 23

initiating activities, planning, holding critical info, changing mental set, monitoring effectiveness of actions, inhibition

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex

Question 24

multiple maps of body space, multisensory integration

Answer 24

Parietal lobe

Question 25

star shaped, nutritive, transports substances through blood-brain barrier, regulate synaptic activity, regulate neurotransmitter concentrations, neurotransmitter reuptake after release,

Answer 25

Astrocyte

Question 26

small, defensive function; become phagocytes during injury, infection, degeneration

Answer 26

Microglial

Question 27

asymmetric, forms myelin around CNS axons

Answer 27

Oligodendroglia

Question 28

asymmetric, wraps around peripheral nerves to form myelin

Answer 28

Schwann

Question 29

Cation (positively charged) and anion (negatively charged); attract water

Answer 29

ions

Question 30

Malfunction of ____ channel cause neurologic diseases; site of action for toxins/drugs

Answer 30

ion

Question 31

beginning of 3rd trimester, new synaptic connections sprout followed by pruning

Answer 31

Synaptogenesis

Question 32

Neuron fires with ___ state > ______ > _______

Answer 32

Neuron fires with resting state > electrical charges > action potential

Question 33

electrical charge produced when ions move across membranes through gate channels and change separation

Answer 33

action potential

Question 34

speeds up neural impulse

Answer 34

myelin

Question 35

part of axon not covered by myelin, tiny gaps, enables saltatory conduction

Answer 35

Node of Ranvier

Question 36

Both genes and the environment affect brain development

Answer 36

epigenesis

Question 37

________ are around ventricles; rapid proliferation; can generate copies of themselves which plays role in differentiated neurons and glial cells

Answer 37

Proliferation zones

Question 38

How many layers are in the cortex

Answer 38

6

Question 39

Class of drugs to which PCP/angel dust belongs

Answer 39

Phencyclidine

Question 40

Neurons providing basis for re-entrant connectivity

Answer 40

Neurons form two-way pathways

Question 41

Two tenets of modern neuroscience

Answer 41

Brain is organized into functionally specific areas Neurons in different parts of nervous system are similar

Question 42

Name the 8 brain networks

Answer 42

Arousal/wakefulness, attention, language, visuospatial, memory, executive, sensation/movement, emotion

Question 43

Injury where results in perseverative behavior, field-dependence, mental rigidity, flat affect

Answer 43

Frontal lobe / Dorsolateral

Question 44

Injury where results in behaviorally and emotionally disinhibited: euphoria and rage, impulsive

Answer 44

orbitofrontal frontal lobe

Question 45

Injury where results in akinesis (little initiation of movement/speech), apathy, blunting

Answer 45

ventromedial frontal lobe

Question 46

scalp electrodes reveal brain rhythms such as gamma

Answer 46

EEG

Question 47

magnetic cortical activity; higher source localization than EEG

Answer 47

MEG

Question 48

slices – x-ray

Answer 48

CAT

Question 49

x-ray

Answer 49

CT

Question 50

indirect measure, energy use

Answer 50

fMRI

Question 51

indirect measure, energy use, glowing inject

Answer 51

PET

Question 52

MRI technique that measure macroscopic axonal organization

Answer 52

DTI - diffusion tensor imaging

Question 53

sleep wave - conscious mind, alertness, concentration, focus, 5 physical senses

Answer 53

beta waves

Question 54

sleep wave - gateway to subconscious mind – deep relaxation, light meditation, creativity, learning

Answer 54

alpha waves

Question 55

sleep wave - light sleep, REM dream state, deep meditation, intuition, memory and visual memory

Answer 55

theta waves

Question 56

sleep wave - deep sleep, dreamless state, automatic self-healing, immune system function

Answer 56

delta waves

Question 57

Color selective part of the eye

Answer 57

cones

Question 58

Light selective part of the eye

Answer 58

rods

Question 59

Pathway of "what" objects are

Answer 59

ventral

Question 60

Pathway of "where objects are

Answer 60

dorsal

Question 61

Area for speech production

Answer 61

broca

Question 62

Area for speech comprehension

Answer 62

Wernicke

Question 63

_________ lobe encodes information across sensory domains

Answer 63

medial temporal lobe

Question 64

Decline in one or more areas of cognitive function, impacts ADLs

Answer 64

dementia

Question 65

o Defects in short-term memory o Issues with problem-solving, language, calculations, visuospatial skills, mood, activity, sleep, appetite o Begins in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus

Answer 65

Alzheimer's