Biological Classification

Question 1

white spots on mustard leaves are due to which type of fungus

Answer 1

parasitic fungus

Question 2

Unicellular fungi is?

Answer 2

yeast

Question 3

rust causing fungus is named as?

Answer 3

Puccinia

Question 4

most of the fungi are?

Answer 4

saprophytes, heterotrophic

Question 5

long slender structures in bodies of fungi are known as?

Answer 5

hyphae

Question 6

cell wall of fungi is made up of?

Answer 6

chitin and polysaccharides

Question 7

reproduction by vegetative means in fungi are?

Answer 7

Fragmentation, fission, and budding

Question 8

asexual reproduction in fungi is?

Answer 8

by formation of spores known as conidia, sporangiospores and zoospores

Question 9

sexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 9

oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

Question 10

fusion of two nuclei is?

Answer 10

karyogamy

Question 11

fusion of protoplasms between two gametes is?

Answer 11

plasmogamy

Question 12

n+n stage is found in which type of fungi?

Answer 12

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

Question 13

n+n phase is known as

Answer 13

dikaryophase

Question 14

where are phytomycetes found

Answer 14

decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites in plants

Question 15

What type of mycelium is found in phytomycetis?

Answer 15

aseptate and coenocytic

Question 16

asexual reproduction in phytomycetes is by?

Answer 16

zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non motile) produced in sporangium

Question 17

zygospore is formed by?

Answer 17

fission of two gametes similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (oogamous)

Question 18

examples of phytomycetes are?

Answer 18

Rhizopus (bread mould), Mucor and albugo (parasitic fungi on mustard)

Question 19

ascomycetes is known as?

Answer 19

sac fungus

Question 20

ascomycetes are of what type?

Answer 20

saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic and coprophilous (growing on dung)

Question 21

mycelium of ascomycetes is?

Answer 21

branched and septate

Question 22

asexual spores on ascomycetes are?

Answer 22

Conidia produced exogenously on special mycelium called conidiophores

Question 23

conidia on germination produces

Answer 23

Mycelium

Question 24

Sexual spores are called? (in ascomycetes)

Answer 24

Ascospores (produced endogenously in sac like asci)

Question 25

different types of fruiting bodies in asci are known as?

Answer 25

ascocarps

Question 26

Examples of ascomycetes are?

Answer 26

Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora

Question 27

Neurospora is used for?

Answer 27

Biochemical and genetic work

Question 28

Commonly known forms of basidiomycetes are?

Answer 28

Mushrooms, Bracket fungi or puffballs

Question 29

Where do basidiomycetes grow on?

Answer 29

Soil, Logs, Tree stumps and in Living Plants as Parasites

Question 30

Vegetative reproduction in Basidiomycetes is by?

Answer 30

Fragmentation

Question 31

Sexual reproduction in Basidiomycetes

Answer 31

Sex organs are absent but plasmogamy is brought by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells. The resultant gives rise to basidium

Question 32

Where does karyogamy and meiosis in basidiomycetes takes place?

Answer 32

in the basidium producing four basidiospores

Question 33

Basidiospores are produced where?

Answer 33

exogenously on basidium

Question 34

The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called?

Answer 34

Basidiocarps

Question 35

Examples of Basidiomycetes are?

Answer 35

Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut) and Puccinia (rust fungus)

Question 36

who are known as imperfect fungi?

Answer 36

Deuteromycetes

Question 37

What happened when sexual stages in members of deuteromycetes are found?

Answer 37

they were moved to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

Question 38

The deuteromycetes reproduce by?

Answer 38

Asexual spores known as conidia

Question 39

Mycelium of Deuteromycetes is?

Answer 39

Septate and branched

Question 40

Types of Deuteromycetes are?

Answer 40

saprophytes, parasites and decomposers

Question 41

Examples of Deuteromycetes are?

Answer 41

Alternaria, Collectotrichum and Trichoderma

Question 42

viruses are ____ cellular organisms that have ____ _______ structure outside living cell

Answer 42

non inert crystalline

Question 43

What viruses do after infecting a cell?

Answer 43

they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host.

Question 44

Virus means?

Answer 44

Venom or Poisonous fluid

Question 45

Dmitri Ivanowsky discovered that viruses are _______ than bacterias and they pass through the ______________

Answer 45

smaller bacteria-proof filters

Question 46

who demonstrated the extract of infected tobbaco plant?

Answer 46

M.W Beijerinek

Question 47

Virus was described as?

Answer 47

Contagium vivum fluidum

Question 48

Who showed that viruses could be crystallized?

Answer 48

W.M Stanley

Question 49

Crystal of viruses largely consisted of?

Answer 49

Proteins

Question 50

Viruses are _____ outside host cells

Answer 50

inert

Question 51

Viruses are highly ____

Answer 51

specific about host cells

Question 52

Viruses are obligate ______.

Answer 52

Parasites

Question 53

Viruses can either contain ____ or ____

Answer 53

DNA or RNA

Question 54

Viruses that infect plants have?

Answer 54

Single Stranded RNA

Question 55

Viruses that infect animals have?

Answer 55

Single or double stranded RNA or double stranded DNA

Question 56

Bacterial viruses or bacteriophages have?

Answer 56

Double stranded DNA

Question 57

The protein coat of virus is known as?

Answer 57

Capsid

Question 58

Capsid is made of?

Answer 58

Smaller subunits capsomeres

Question 59

function of capsids is?

Answer 59

Protecting nucleic acid

Question 60

Capsomeres are arranged in?

Answer 60

Helical or Polyhedral geometric forms

Question 61

What kind of diseases can virus cause in humans?

Answer 61

Mumps, Small pox, Herpes, AIDS and Influenza

Question 62

Symptoms of virus in plants are?

Answer 62

mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling, yellowing and vein clearing, dwarf and stunted growth

Question 63

Who discovered Viroids?

Answer 63

T.O Deiner

Question 64

What did T.O Deiner discover?

Answer 64

New infectious agent smaller than viruses

Question 65

What can Viroids cause?

Answer 65

Potato spindle tuber disease

Question 66

Describe Viroids

Answer 66

Free RNA which lacked protein coat

Question 67

The RNA of viroid was of ___ molecular weight

Answer 67

low

Question 68

What type of diseases prions give?

Answer 68

neurological diseases

Question 69

What is the size of prions?

Answer 69

It has a similar size to viruses

Question 70

What do prions have?

Answer 70

Prions have abnormally folded proteins

Question 71

what is the name of the disease caused by prions?

Answer 71

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)

Question 72

What is mad cow disease analogous to?

Answer 72

Cr-Jacob disease in humans

Question 73

What is the algal component in Lichens known as?

Answer 73

Phycobiont

Question 74

What is the fungal component in Lichens known as?

Answer 74

mycobiont

Question 75

algal component is _____________ in nature.

Answer 75

autotrophic

Question 76

The fungal component is _________________ in nature.

Answer 76

Heterotrophic

Question 77

Lichen indicates what?

Answer 77

Pollution (they do not grow in polluted areas)

Question 78

How do the Lichens work?

Answer 78

The algal component of Lichen provides food to the fungal component and the fungal component gives shelter and provides minerals to the algal component. They are so close that a person can't tell that there are two organisms within them.