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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

Earliest classification based on:

A

Human needs ( Food shelter clothes)

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2
Q

Cell wall of Monera

A

Polysaccharides and amino acids (non-cellulosic)

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3
Q

2 kingdom Classification by and on the basis of~

A

Linnaeus on the basis of Cw

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4
Q

Nuclear Membrane absent in only 1 kingdom?

A

Monera

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5
Q

Fungi Cell wall:

A

Chitin

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6
Q

3 kingdom Classification given by:

A

Ernst Haeckel

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7
Q

Order in which kingdoms were added:

A

Plantae and Animalia initially,
Protista Monera Fungi

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8
Q

Bacterias are sole members of:

A

Monera Kingdom

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9
Q

Oldest Moneras? Where are they found?

A

Archeabacteria.
Extreme habitats ( deep oceans, lava, deserts)

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10
Q

Criteria used by Whittaker for 5 KC:

A

Phylogeny
Reproduction
Cell structure
Body Organization
Nutrition

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11
Q

4 KC given by:

A

Copeland

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12
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Monera

A

Auto ( Photo and Chemo)
Hetero (Sapro and Para)

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13
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Protista:

A

Auto ( Photo)
Hetero

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14
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Fungi:

A

Hetero ( Sapro and Para)

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15
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Plantae:

A

Auto ( Photo)

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16
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Animalia:

A

Hetero ( sapro and holo)

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17
Q

Cell wall absent in:

A

Animalia

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18
Q

Drawbacks of 2 KC:

A

Did not differentiate b/w:

  1. Unicellular (chlamydomonas) and Multicellular (spirogyra)
  2. Prolaryotes and Eukaryotes
  3. Autotrophs (green plants) and Heterotrophs (fungi)
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19
Q

Who gave 6 KC:

A
  1. Carl Woose
  2. Divided kingdoms into 3 domains:
    a) Archae
    b) Bacteria
    c) Eukaryo
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20
Q

Which kingdom’s boundaries are not well defined:

A

Protista

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21
Q

Flagella present in which shape of Bacteria?

A

Spirilla

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22
Q

Structure simple Behaviour Complex?

A

Bacteria

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23
Q

5 types of Protistas:

A
  1. Chrysophytes
  2. Dinoflagellates
  3. Slime Moulds
  4. Euglenoids
  5. Protozoan
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24
Q

Shape of Bacteria that causes cholera?

A

Vibrio

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25
Nucleus and mb organelles present in:
Protista
26
Protistas have flagella or cilia?
Yes both
27
3 types of Archeabacteria?
1. Halogens => extreme salty areas 2. Thermo-acidophiles => hot molten lava, hot sulphur springs 3. Methanogens => Gut of Ruminant animals and Marshy areas
28
Cw of Eubacteria?
Rigid made of Peptidoglycan
29
Smallest Living Organism:
Mycoplasma
30
Forms algael bloom in polluted waters?
Bg algae/cyanobacteria
31
Can pass through bacteria proof filters?
Mycoplasma
32
Heterocyst perform?
No² Fixation by nitrogenase enzyme
33
How have Heterocysts specialized?
Cells perform Co² fixation. HC specialize by: 1. Being thick Walled => O² inside × 2. Losing Photo system 2 => H²O splitting × Anaerobic conditions created
34
Methanogens used in:
1. Sewage Treatment 2. Producing Biogas
35
Habitats of Cyanobacteria
FW/ marine/ terrestrial
36
Chlorophyll a present in which Organism belonging to K Monera?
Cyanobacteria
37
Measurements of Mycoplasma?
A) 0.1 mm ( diag.) B) 0.3 mm (theory)
38
Mycoplasma pathogenic to?
P and a
39
Pplo?
Pleuro Pneumonia like organisms. Mycoplasma
40
Mycoplasma? 1. Cw 2. Aerobic conditions
Absent Facultative anaerobes
41
Majority of Monera are: Auto/Hetero
Hetero
42
3 types of Heterotrophs?
1. Saprophytic => decomposers 2. Parasitic => citrus canker, cholera, tetanus 3. Symbiotic => Rhizobium
43
Anaerobic Photoautotrophs?
Purple synthetic bacteria Green synthetic bacteria
44
Anaerobic Photoautotrophs?
Purple synthetic bacteria Green synthetic bacteria
45
Gas Vacuoles in Photoauto?
Present
46
Chemoauto help recycle?
Minerals like P, Fe, S
47
Sexual Reproduction In Monera?
Some sort of primitive transfer of DNA. True S Rep. Absent
48
Chemoauto ____ chemical reactions and use relameased energy to produce ____
Oxidize ATP
49
A Rep. In favourable conditions
Dna replication and then binary fission
50
A Rep. In unfavourable conditions
Spore Formation
51
Cheif producers of ocean
Chrysophytes
52
What is a Gonyaulax ?
Red Dinoflagellate that undergoes rapid multiplication causing occurrence of red tides
53
Bioluminiscense present in which Protista?
Dinoflagellates
54
Slime Moulds during suitable and unsuitable conditions?
Suitable => aggregations called Plasmodium. Non Suitable => plasmodium differentiates into fruiting bodies with spores on tip.
55
Cell Wall in Chrysophytes.
Chrysophytes => 2 thin overlapping shells that fill like a soap box made of silica (indestructible)
56
Cell Wall in Dinoflagellates.
Stiff cellulosic plates on outer surface.
57
Cell Wall in Euglenoids.
Absent. Instead there is protein rich layer called "pellicle" which makes it flexible.
58
Cell Wall in Protozoan.
Absent
59
Uses of Chrysophytes?
It is gritty. => polishing => filtration of oils and syrups
60
Silica accumulation results in?
Diatomaceous earth.
61
Protists that is primitive relative of animals
Protozoan
62
Types of Chrysophytes
Diatoms Desmids (golden algae)
63
Habitat of Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates and Euglenoids.
Fw and Marine Marine waters Stagnant FW
64
Flagella of D and E?
1 longitudinal 1 transversal 1 long 1 short
65
Protists that shows different colours.
Dinoflagellates ( R Y B G Brown)
66
Protists with photosynthetic pigment like higher plants
Ch A and B in Euglenoids
67
Mixotrophic nutrition is shown by?
Euglenoids Sunlight + => photosynthesis Sunlight - => heterotrophic (Connecting link b/w plants and animals)
68
Pellicle absent in which protozoan.
Amoeba
69
Trypanosoma causes?
Flagellated Protozoan, sleeping sickness
70
Leishmania causes?
Flagellated Protozoan, Kala Azar
71
Pseudopodia of Amoeba helps in?
Ingestion and Locomotion
72
Marine amoeba have?
Silica shells on surface
73
Which plasmodium causes malaria ?
Most notorious, Plasmodium Falciparium
74
Which Protozoan have infectious spore like stage in their life cycle.
Sporozoan
75
Ciliated Protozoan functioning ?
Opening surface called "gullet" lined with cilia whose movt. Pushes water laden with food to enter the gullet
76
Protozoan is divided on the basis of?
Locomotion 1. Amoeboid => pseudopodia 2. Flagellates => Flagella 3. Ciliated => Cilia 4. Sporozoqn => absent.
77
Habitat of Protozoan?
Amoeboid => Fw/sw/ moist soil Flagellated => free living/parasite Ciliated => Aquatic Sporozoan => endoparasite
78
Parameocium is an example of?
Ciliated Protozoan
79
Exception to Multicellular build up of Fungi
Yeast
80
Antibodies providing Fungi
Pencillium
81
Disease causing Fungi?
Puccinia Toadstool Parasitic Fungi
82
Eatable Fungi
Mushroom Yeast
83
Fungi grow in ?
Warm humid places
84
What are Hyphae?
Long slender thread like str. Emerging from spores
85
Network of Hyphae?
Mycelium
86
2 types of Hyphae?
Septate => hv septa/cross walls (higher fungi) (ABD)
87
Fungi types of nutrition?
Saprophytic parasitic or symbiotic
88
Aseptate hyphae?
Called coenocytic. Long tube filled with multi nucleated Cytoplasm. Lower fungi.
89
Septatw fungi?
Septa/cross walls. Higher fungi A B D
90
3 types of Fungal Reproduction.
Vegetative Asexual Sexual
91
Vegetative Reproduction in fungi?
Fragmentation Fission Budding
92
Asexual Reproduction in fungi?
Spores formed from mitosis. Zoospore => motile/flagellated. Endogenous. P. Sporangiospore => aka aplanospore. Non motile endogenous. P. Conidia => non-motile endogenous (AD)
93
Sexual Reproduction in fungi?
Oospore (P) Zygospore (P) Ascospore (A) Basidiospore (B)
94
Deuteromycetes do not show which form of Reproduction?
Sexual
95
Basidiomycetes do not show which form of Reproduction?
Asexual
96
Sexual Cycle of Fungi?
Two septate bound nucleus act as gamete and fuse. PLASMOGAMY (fusion of protoplasm b/w two motile or non motile gametes). Dikaryotic stage achieved which may be short lived (A) or long lived (B) KARYOGAMY (fusion of nucleus leading to zygote formation). Zygote formed. MEIOSIS OF ZYGOTE ( haploid spores produced) 1 zygote has 4 daughter cells.
97
Fruiting bodies post sexual Reproduction may be?
Ascocarp Basidiocarp
98
Describe Ascocarp?
Consist of: 1. Ascus ( a sac with ascospores in it) 2. Stalk
99
Describe Basidiocarp?
Consist of: 1. Basidium (club shaped with basidiospores on it) 2. Stalk
100
Phycomycetes also known as?
Algal fungi
101
Ascomycetes also known as?
Sac Fungi
102
Deuteromycetes also known as?
Imperfect Fungi
103
Sexual Reproduction in ascomycetes?
Via Ascospores
104
Sexual Reproduction in phycomycetes?
Zygospores
105
Sexual Reproduction in basidiomycetes?
Basidiospores
106
Sexual Reproduction in deuteromycetes?
Absent
107
Mycelium in Phycomycetes?
Aseptate, Coenocytic
108
Mycelium in Ascomycetes?
Septate Branched
109
Mycelium in Basidiomycetes?
Septate Branched
110
Mycelium in deuteromycetes?
Septate Branched

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

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