Biological Classification Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
In the five kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included in…?
A
Protista
2
Q
five kingdom classification was given by
A
Whittaker
3
Q
Who proposed the five kingdom classification and named the kingdoms as monera, Protista, Animalia, fungi and plantae
A
R H whittaker
4
Q
In five kingdom classification, how many kingdoms contain eukaryotes?
A
Four Kingdoms
5
Q
In Whittakers system of classification, which kingdom are prokaryotes placed in?
A
Monera
6
Q
In the two kingdom classification system which two kingdoms are the organisms placed in?
A
Plantae and Animalia
7
Q
In which kingdom is the maximum nutritional diversity found in?
A
Monera
8
Q
What organism is the nuclear membrane absent in?
A
Nostoc
9
Q
cyanobacteria is also referred to as
A
blue green algae
10
Q
bacteria differ from plants in the way that they do not have
A
a well defined nucleus
11
Q
where is tehoic acid is present
A
the cell wall of gram positive bacteria
12
Q
An odour that prevails in marshy areas and cow sheds is an account of a gas produced by
A
archaebacteria
13
Q
oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in
A
oscillatoria
14
Q
what is the main difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
A
ribosomes
15
Q
according to the five kingdom classification; which kingdom does bacteria belongs to?
A
Kingdom Monera
16
Q
Some hyperthermophilic organisms grow in highly acidic (pH 2) habitats, which two groups do they belong to?
A
Eubacteria and Archaea
17
Q
what organisms are membrane-bound organelles absent in
A
Streptococcus
18
Q
Phage genome site on bacterial chromosome has resulted in the structure of…
A
prophage
19
Q
Which monera are most likely to be present in deep sea water?
A
Archaebacteris
20
Q
what are the bacteria that fix CO2 by using chemical energy as source called
A
Chemoautotrophs
21
Q
nuclear membrane is absent in
A
nostoc
22
Q
plasmids are mostly found in
A
bacteria
23
Q
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) form an outside peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall of
A
gram (-) bacteria
24
Q
the highest antibodies are produced by
A
streptomyces
25
endosperms actually help in
dispersal or perennation
26
heating milk at 65*-80* and then suddenly cooling it is known as
pastuerisation
27
Facultative anaerobic bacteria are
aerobes which can live anaerobically
28
a bacterium is capable of withstanding heat, dryness and toxic chemicals. This indicates its about to form
Endospores
29
A free living nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria which can also form symbiotic associations with the waterfern azolla is
anabaena
30
what is the source of streptomycin
Streptomyces griseus
31
what is the source of Terramycin / Oxytetracycline
S. ramosus
32
what is the source of Erythromycin
S. erthryeus
33
what is the source of Chloromycetin / Chloramphcnicol
S. venezualae and S. lavendualae
34
what is the source of neomycin
S. fradiae
35
what is the source of Viomycin
S. puniceus
36
what is the source of novabiocin
S. niveus
37
what is the source of nystatin
S. noursae
38
What causes cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
39
What causes Typhoid
Salmonella typhi
40
What causes diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
41
What causes pneumonia
Diplococcus pnemoniae
42
What causes tuberculosis ?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
43
What causes Leprosy?
Pasteurella pestis
44
What causes Angular leaf spot in cotton?
Xanthomonas malvacearum
45
What causes blight of beans
Pseudomonas phaseolicola
46
What causes blight of paddy
Xanthomonas oryzae
47
What causes canker of citrus
Xanthomonas citric
48
What causes wild of maize
Xanthomonas stwertii
49
What causes crown gall of apple?
Agrobactrium tumaefaciens
50
What causes leaf spots on cucumbers?
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
51
what is the source of penicillin?
penicillium notatum - active against gram + bacteria
52
what is the source of griseofulvin
penicillium griseofulvum / p. nigricans - antifungals
53
what is the source of cephalosporin
emericellopsis minimum - antibacterial
54
what is the source of viridin?
gliocladium vilens - anti fungal
55
what is the source of fumigatin
A. fumigatus - antibacterial
56
what is the source of fumagillin
Aspergillus fumigatus - Amoebocide
57
what is the source of gliotoxin?
gliocladium virens - antibacterial and antifungus
58
what type of nucleic acid does herpes have?
double stranded DNA
59
what type of nucleic acid does chicken pox have?
double stranded DNA
60
what type of nucleic acid does hepatitis B have?
double stranded DNA
61
what type of nucleic acid do cyanophages have?
single stranded DNA
62
what type of nucleic acid do bacteriophages have?
single stranded DNA
63
what type of nucleic acid does influenza have?
single stranded DNA
64
what type of nucleic acid does HIV have?
single stranded RNA
65
what type of nucleic acid does polio have?
single stranded RNA
66
what type of nucleic acid does TMV have?
single stranded RNA
67
what type of nucleic acids do mycophages reoviruses have?
double stranded RNA
68
what type of nucleic acids do wound tumor viruses have?
double stranded RNA
69
what type of nucleic acids do cauliflower mosaic virus have?
double stranded DNA
70
What is the host for rosette disease?
ground nut (arches hypogea)
71
what is host for little leaf of brinjal disease?
brinjal (solanum melongena)
72
what is host for yellow vein mosaic?
lady finger (Abelmoschus esculentus)
73
what is host for potato leaf roll?
potato (solanum tuberosum)
74
what is host for leaf curl of papaya?
papaya (carica papaya)
75
what is host for bunchy top?
banana (musa indica)
76
what is host for grassy shoot?
sugarcane (saccharum officinarum)
77
what is host for tobacco mosaic ?
tobacco (nicotiana sp.)
78
what is the virus which causes influenza?
a myxovirus is of three types; A, B and C with varying severity
79
what is a myxovirus?
a virus with DNA strands
80
what is the virus which causes a common cold?
A large variety of viruses, most commonly rhinovirus (RNA virus)
81
what is the virus which causes small pox?
Variola virus (DNA virus), pox virus
82
what is the virus which causes mumps
a paramyxovirus (RNA virus)
83
what is the virus which causes measles
a paramyxovirus (RNA virus)
84
what causes yellow fever?
an arbovirus which is arthropod borne (RNA virus)
85
what causes poliomyelitis?
Poliovirus (RNA virus)
86
the autonomously independent self replicating extra nuclear DNA imparting certain factors to some bacterium is called what?
Plasmid
87
In microbial genetics, what is referred to as the Griffith effect?
Transformation
88
The kingdom consisting of only prokaryotes is called?
Kingdom Monera
89
What do thermococcus, methanococcus and methanobacterium exemplify?
Archaebacteria which contain protein homologous to eukaryotic core histones
90
what makes up the cell wall of both bacteria and fungi?
N-Acetylglucoseamine
91
What is the substance present in the cell wall?
tehoic acid
92
What is the substance present in flagella?
flagellin
93
What is the substance present in the S layer?
glycoprotein
94
What is the substance present in the pili?
Fimbrin
95
Genophore term coined by Hans R is used for...?
Bacterial Chromosome
96
what is the R gene on plasmid is meant for?
Drug resistance
97
Lysozyme is present in saliva and tears and it destroys...?
certain types of bacteria
98
What type of disease is measles?
Bacterial disease
99
What is retting of fibres and curing of tobacco leaves is due to?
Clostridium and Bacillus
100
What are Hfr cells?
the cells which have an episome
101
The bacterial cell wall is made out of what?
peptidoglycan
102
Plasmids occur in
Bacteria
103
The smallest bacteria is
Dialister
104
What is the site of respiration in bacteria?
Mesosomes
105
On which bacteria was the first transformation experiment performed on?
Diplococcus pneumoniae
106
What can a plasmid do?
A Plasmid can replicate independently
107
the bacterial cells are surrounded by capsules made up of what?
polysaccharides
108
what is the bacterium that causes botulism?
clostridium botulinum (an obligate anaerobe)
109
Bacterial flagella which don't show ATPase activity and 9+2 organisation are chemically formed of
flagellin
110
Who first showed DNA as the transforming principal?
Avery, Macleod and McCarty
111
bacteria with a single flagella at one end is called
monotrichous
112
which combinations of microbes is responsible for the formation and flavour of yoghurt?
Lactobacillus Casey and Streptococcus thermophilis
113
What type of organism hasn't evolved to use oxygen in photosynthesis?
bacteria
114
Plasmids have what type of DNA in bacterial cells?
extrachromosomal
115
the bacterial cell wall consists of
N-acetylglucoseamine and N-acetyl muramic acid
116
a unique amino acid in the cell wall of bacteria and bga is
diaminopimelic acid
117
bga
blue green algae
118
f plasmid refers to
fertility plasmid
119
halophilic archaebacterium (eg. halobacterium salinarum) which is found in the great salt lake and Dead Sea cannot live in
less than 3M NaCl conc
120
what pigment is present in cyanobacterium?
C-phycocyanin
121
Bacteria do not have
mitochondria
122
what protects the bacteria from enzymes present in the external medium?
alime layer
123
a bacterial cell contains
mesosomes, nucleoids and thylakoids
124
what are episomes
extrachromosomal hereditary materials of bacteria associated with nucleoid
125
the mesosome in a bacterial plant cell is
plasma membrane unfolded for respiration
126
what is the hereditary materials in bacteria?
nucleic acid
127
the ability if gram + bacteria to retain grams stain after washing it with suitable organic solvent is due to the presence of high amounts of
peptidoglycans
128
what is bacterial flagella is made up of?
protein
129
pseudomonas is useful because it can
decompose a variety of organic compounds
130
what is a colourless, unicellular, cell wall bound spherical / rod shaped micro organism lacking an organised nucleus called?
bacteria
131
f-factor bacteria is
episome
132
what type of ribsomoes are found in prokaryotic cells?
70S
133
most bacteria reproduce by
binary fission
134
chromosomes in bacteria cells can be 1 to 3 in number and
are always circular
135
maximum antibiotics are obtained from
fungi
136
substances which are secreted by bacteria are called
toxins
137
cyanobacteria is an
algae with blue-green pigment
138
which stain shows gram neg bacteria during bacterial staining?
red
139
in which which genera are endospores formed for reproduction ?
bacillus and clostridium
140
what type of DNA is formed in bacteria
circular free dna
141
gram neg bacteria detect and respond to chemicals in their surroundings by
porins
142
a bacterium which is capable of utilising the most abundantly available gas in the atmosphere for one of its metabolic pathways but cannot utilise the second most abundantly available gas for its metabolic pathways is
clostridium
143
what is responsible for recycling of materials?
bacteria
144
bacteria which have flagella all over their body are known as
peritrichous
145
cell wall of gram positive bacteria are made from
murein
146
leprocy occurs due to
mycobacterium
147
single celled eukaryotes belong to
protista
148
what organisms lack a cell wall and are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen?
mycoplasma
149
these organisms are in the fungus like in one phase of their life cycle and amoeba like in another
slime moulds
150
a kingdom uncommon to unicellular animals and plants is
kingdom Protista
151
slime moulds are characterised by the presence of
capillitium
152
which one of the following is a slime mould?
physarum
153
auxoxpores and homocysts are found by
several diatoms and a few cyanobacteria
154
silica gel
kieselguhr
155
silica gel / diatomite is obtained from
fossilised radiolarians and diatoms
156
what is common between trypanosoma and noctiluca ?
they are unicellular protists
157
the thalloid body of myxomycetes is known as
plasmodium
158
sexual reproduction in protists bearing diploid chromosomes is
gametangial meiosis
159
plasmodium is an
endoparasite
160
euglenoid species which have chlorophyll are
facultative autotrophs
161
kingdom protists includes which kinds of life cycle?
both, the ones which so zygotic as well as gametic meiosis
162
murein isn't found in the cell wall of
diatoms
163
gloms
forms symbiotic association with plants and helps them in their nutrition as well as helps them in their absorption of phosphorous by soil
164
ringworms is caused by
fungus
165
ergot of rye is caused by a species of
claviceps
166
black rust of wheat is caused by a species of the genus
puccinia
167
industrial production of ethanol from starch is brought by
a certain species saccharomyces
168
rust smut and mushroom all bear
basidiocarps
169
myxomycetes are
slimy masses of multinucleate protoplasm with pseudopodia like structures for engulfing food, reproduction through fusion of gametes
170
fungal spores which are produced externally at the top of hyphae are
conidia
171
in the close association between algae and fungus in a lichen, the fungus
provides protection, anchorage and absorption of the algae
172
litmus is obtained from
lichen
173
viroids differ from viruses in having
rna molecules without a protein coat
174
dna replication in bacteria occurs
prior to fission
175
methanogens belong to
archaebacteria
176
one of the major components of fungal cell walls are
chitin
177
the primitive prokaryotes responsible for biogas production from ruminant animal dung include
methanogens
178
Protista include
chrysophytes, euglenoids, dinoflagellates and slime moulds
179
anoxygenc photosynthesis is characteristic of
rhodospirillum
180
how do archaebacteria differ from eubacteria
in cell membrane structure
181
do viruses have open or closed dna?
DNA enclosed in a protein coat
182
motile bacteria are able to move by
flagella
183
protists obtain their food by
photosynthetic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition
184
angiosperms and pteriodophytes are grouped under
phanerogams
185
who named the sexual system of classification
Linnaeus
186
tracheophyta consists of
pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms
187
pigments containing membranous extensions are called
chromatophores
188
apart from paddy fields where else are cyanobacteria found?
vegetative part of cycas
189
tobacco mosaic virus is a tubular filament of size
300 x 20 nm
190
infectious proteins are found in
prions
191
virus envelope is known as
caspird
192
T O Diener discovered
free infectious RNA
193
in what pattern of virus replication do viruses enter the cell, replicate and then burst causing a release of new viruses?
lytic
