Biological Diversity

Question 1

What is taxonomy, and what are the taxa in order

Answer 1

Taxonomy is the system by which we classify all organisms, the order of taxa is, kingdom->phylum->class->order->family->genus->species

Question 2

What are the three domains, speak briefly of each

Answer 2

Bactria- unicellular prokaryotes, play a vital role in genetic engineering, decomposers, both heterotrophs and autotrophs, have no introns
Archea- unicellular prokaryotes, include extremophiles, some have introns
Eukarya- eukaryotic and contains of four kingdoms, Protista, fungi, plants, animals

Question 3

Describe all eukarya kingdoms

Answer 3

Protista- all eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular, both heterotrophs(amoebas) and autotrophs(euglenas), some cause serious disease
Fungi- heterotrophs, eukaryotic, decomposers, are saprobes, cell wall is made from chitin, some are pioneers, produce sexually and asexually
Plantea- multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
Animalia- heterotrophic multicellular, reproduce sexually

Question 4

What do sponges and cnidarians consist of

Answer 4

Sponges- loads federation of cells, has cells that can sense and react to the environment
Cnidarians- has the most primitive forms of tissue

Question 5

What are the three germ layers and what do they make up

Answer 5

Ectoderm- makes up the skin and nervous system
Mesoderm- makes up the blood and muscles and bone
Endoderm- makes up the viscera(guts)

Question 6

What is the coelom, and what are the acoelomates and coelomates?

Answer 6

Coelom is a fluid-filled body that is completely surrounded by mesoderm
Acoelomates- organisms that don’t have a coelom
Coelomates- organisms that have coelom

Question 7

What are the characteristics of porifera, cnidarians, platyhelminthes, nematodes, annelids, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms, chordates

Answer 7

Porifera- no symmetry, are sessile, only have endo and ectoderm, reproduce sexually and asexually,ex:sponges
Cnidarians- radial symmetry, can move, can reproduce sexually and asexually, only ecto and endoderm,ex:jellyfish
Platyhelminthes- bilateral symmetry, all germ layers, ex:flatworms
Nematodes- bilateral symmetry, ex: roundworms
Annelids- bilateral symmetry, blood carries hemoglobin,ex: leeches
Mollusks- soft body, bilateral symmetry, most have gills
Arthropods- chitinous exoskeleton helps protect the organism
Echinoderms- sessile, bilateral symmetry as embryo radial as adult, reproduce sexually
Chordates- tail that aid in movement, mammals are homeotherms the rest are cold-blooded