Biological Diversity

Question 1

Genetic Diversity

Answer 1

variations between members of a population at a cellular level

Question 2

Community Diversity

Answer 2

number of different species living in the same area and sharing the resources

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

group of organisms having the same structure and reproducing with one another

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

members of a same species living in a specific area and sharing resources

Question 5

Variation

Answer 5

differences among individuals within a species. (i.e. climatic change, new predator, new disease, elimination of food source). this means that if a change occurs, not all will die; there will be some that can still survive and adapt to the new environment (e.g. different colors of banded snails mean that only a few will be seen by predators even when its environment changes with the seasons/peppered moths in England/bacteria resistant to antibiotics)

Question 6

Discrete Variation

Answer 6

differences in characteristics that have a defined form. such as being an albino or having blue eyes

Question 7

Continuous Variation

Answer 7

differences in characteristics that have a range of forms, such as height in humans or the mass of squirrels)

Question 8

Niche

Answer 8

role an organism plays within the ecosystem (includes its food, its habitat, its range, its effect on other species and the environment, and its predators);

Question 9

Inter species Competition

Answer 9

when 2 or more species need the same resource (both are harmed)

Question 10

Symbiosis

Answer 10

members of different species in which one species survival depends directly on the health and survival of another species

Question 11

Commensalism

Answer 11

one species benefits while the other does not (e.g. bird nesting in a tree, barnacles on whales)

Question 12

Mutualism

Answer 12

both species benefit (e.g. fungus and alga form lichens,

Question 13

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 13

the transmission of the same genetic information from a parent to its offspring. Basically the offspring is an exact copy of the parent.

Question 14

Asexual Reproduction: Binary Fission

Answer 14

cell splits exactly in two after duplicating itself (e.g. bacteria, amoeba)

Question 15

Asexual Reproduction Budding

Answer 15

parent produces small bud, which eventually detaches and becomes a new individual (e.g. hydra, yeast, coral)

Question 16

Asexual Reproduction: Spore Reproduction

Answer 16

parent produces spores and each spore develops into a new individual.
- does not require specialized cells
-rapid increase in numbers
- does not require mating
-no variation
-unfavorable conditions

Question 17

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 17

involves the union of male and female sex cells (i.e. gametes) to form a zygote and requires two parents. It creates variation in offspring.
-variation
-does require specialized cells
-slow production
-lots of energy
-

Question 18

Steps Sexual Reproduction

Answer 18

1. Male gametes (sperm) and female gametes (egg or ova) are produced
2. Sperm unites with the egg to form a zygote during mating (fertilization) – they must arrive at the same time and in a moist environment so the gametes do not dry out
3. Zygote divides repeatedly (cleavage) until it becomes a multicellular embryo
4. Embryo develops inside or outside the female parent; it is different from both parents, but similar to them in other
   respects

Question 19

Steps Plant Reproduction

Answer 19

1. Pollen (contains male gametes) is found on the stamen; ovules (contain female gametes) are found in the pistil 2. Pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil
2. Male and female gametes unite to form a zygote
   (fertilization)
3. Zygote divides repeatedly (cleavage) until it becomes a multicellular embryo (this is found inside a seed); it is different from both parents, but similar to them in other respects

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

Occurs in the body cells

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

occurs in the sex cells ( gametes), has 2 divisions,and produces 4 daughter cells.

Question 22

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 22

it also stores genetic information for heritable traits in all living organisms and directs the structures and functions of the cell.

Question 23

Genes

Answer 23

are located on chromosomes and contain coded instructions for a feature (genes also come in pairs)

Question 24

Alleles

Answer 24

two alleles together form a genotype and the genotype determines the physical result, which we call the phenotype

Question 25

Homozygous

Answer 25

Homozygous = Alleles are the same for that trait (e.g. BB or bb)

Question 26

Heterozygous

Answer 26

Alleles are different for that trait (e.g. Bb)