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science 9 > biological diversity > Flashcards

biological diversity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the conditions for life

A
  • are made of cells
  • need energy to live
  • grow and develop

-reproduce

have adaptations that suit them to their environment

respond to their environment

are made of CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen)

produce wastes

exchange gases

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2
Q

what are adaptations

A

features that increase an organism’s chances of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment

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3
Q

what are populations

A

Population – Group of an individual species which frequent a common, specific area, and share the same food, habitat and types of mating partners.

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4
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

an environment where biotic and abiotic things interact

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5
Q

what are community’s

A

populations of different species that live together in the same area

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6
Q

what is a species

A

organisms with the same basic structures members must have the ability to interbreed and produce viable offspring.

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7
Q

define genetic diversity

A

the range of different inherited traits within a species

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8
Q

why is Latin used commonly for science

A

its a dead language

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9
Q

what is interdependance

A

how each species depends on many other species in its environment

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10
Q

define mutualism, parasitism and Commensalism

A

Commensalism- one benefits other isnt harmed (+0)

mutualism- both benefit (++)

parasitism- one benefits other is harmed (+-)

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11
Q

what is inter species competition

A

when the same species fight over resources

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12
Q

what a niche

A

A niche is the role of an organism within a particular ecosystem

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13
Q

what is resource partitioning

A

In order for organisms to live successfully with each other in an area, they must have slightly different roles.

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14
Q

define natural selection

A

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success

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15
Q

what are inherited characteristics

A

characteristics that are
traits which are passed on to offspring
directly from their parents.

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16
Q

what are non-heritable characteristics

A

characteristics are
acquired and not necessarily passed on
from generation to generation.

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17
Q

what is discrete variation

A

there are only 2 options

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18
Q

define continuous variation

A

many options in characteristics

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19
Q

what is asexual reproduction

A

reproduction that only involves one parent

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20
Q

what is binary fission

A

only single-celled organisms reproduce
in this way. The cell splits into two cells
and each one is identical.

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21
Q

what is budding

A

the parent organism produces a bud (a smaller
version of itself) which eventually detaches itself
from the parent and becomes a self-sufficient
individual

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22
Q

whats spore production

A

spores are similar to seeds, but are produced by
the division of cells on the parent, not by the
union of two cells.

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23
Q

what is vegetative

A

The reproduction of a plant not involving a seed,
including: cuttings, runners, suckers, tubers.

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24
Q

what is sexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction usually involves two
individual organisms (some plants and
animals can self-fertilize).

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25
Q

define gametes

A

reproductive cells that have only
one role

26
Q

what is the combination of male and female gametes called

A

zygote

27
Q

what is the stage after a zygote, how does it form

A

The zygote divides first into two cells and
those cells continues to divide over and
over(cleavage) resulting in the
development of an embryo.

28
Q

what has the male gametes in a flower

A

Pollen contains the male gametes and is found on the stamen.

29
Q

what part of the flower contains the female gametes

A

Ovules contain the female gametes and are found in the pistil.

30
Q

when does pollination occur

A

Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred
from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of
the pistil.

31
Q

when does cross-pollination

A

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from one
plant is carried to the stigma of another plant by
wind, water, animals or insects (bees or
butterflies).

32
Q

when does cross-fertilization

A

Cross-fertilization occurs when a grain of the
pollen forms a long tube which grows down the
style into the ovary.

33
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages

A

ADVANTAGES

does not require any specialized
cells

only need one parent

produce many offspring very
quickly

advantage where the
environment doesn’t change
very much (ex. bacteria).

DISADVANTAGES

little genetic variation

less adaptability to a new or
changing environment

34
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

ADVANTAGES

Greater genetic variation within
a species

Variation usually helps a
species survive when the
environment changes.

DISADVANTAGES

Takes a lot of energy

Takes a lot of time

Comparatively smaller
populations are produced.

35
Q

what is the name for DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

36
Q

what chemicals are in DNA

A

Each rung pairs up two of the following chemicals: guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and thymine (T).

37
Q

what is genetic code

A

the arrangement of the chemicals in dna

38
Q

which chemicals in dna pair together

A

guanine , cytosine

adenine (A), thymine (T).

39
Q

what are chromosomes

A

DNA arranged in compact packages

40
Q

how many chromosomes are in a human

A

46

41
Q

what are the 23rd pair of chromosomes for

A

The 23rd pair of chromosomes are called sex chromosomes because they carry information about sexual characteristics and determine sex of the individual.

42
Q

what are genes

A

A single gene is an uninterrupted segment of DNA containing coded instructions for a particular trait.
Genes are located on the chromosomes.
Each chromosome has many genes.

43
Q

what is it called when you have both the recessive and dominant genes present

A

heterozygous

44
Q

what is it called when only the dominate genes are present

A

homozygous

45
Q

what is it called when only the recessive trait is present

A

homozygous recessive

46
Q

what is mitosis

A

During mitosis a cell divides into 2 daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

47
Q

what is meiosis

A

A type of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each with only half the DNA of the parent cell.

48
Q

where is DNA found

A

a cells nucleus

49
Q

what are the stages of mitosis

A

interphase, prosphase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

50
Q

what is selective breeding

A

breeding an organism for a specific feature

51
Q

what is co-dominance

A

Both alleles are equally dominant so both traits are expressed.

52
Q

what causes habitat destruction

A

Agriculture
Urbanization causing pollution
Expansion of Industry
Forestry

53
Q

What are some causes of the reduction of Biological Diversity?

A

Habitat destruction
Introduction of non-native species
Over hunting

54
Q

what is extinction

A

A species that no longer exists on the planet

55
Q

define Extirpation

A

A species no longer existing in a particular area, but occurring elsewhere.

56
Q

whats endangerment

A

A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction.

57
Q

whats a threatened species

A

A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed.

58
Q

what is a special concern species

A

A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.

59
Q

what are Natural Causes of Extinction and Extirpation

A

Overpopulation-causing lack of natural food
Disease
Overspecialization
I.e. pandas eat only bamboo

Catastrophic events
I.e. volcanic eruptions, floods, fires

60
Q

what are human causes of extinction and extirpation

A

Habitat destruction - loss of habitat due to construction, agriculture, development, logging, damming of rivers
Pollution – Introducing pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers that can damage environments and cause birth defects
Over-hunting - Hunting of plains bison, prairie dogs, beavers, foxes.
Introduction of non-native species (Bio-invasive species)

61
Q

what is biotechnology

A

The use of living things to make agricultural, industrial or medical products.

62
Q

what is genetic engineering

A

altering dna

science 9 (5 decks)

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