Biological Molecules Flashcards
(26 cards)
Most common elements in living organisms, in order
hydrogen, carbon, oygen, nitrogen
The four simple key biological molecules
monosaccharides, organic bases, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol
Monomer
basic building block, subunit, of a polymer.
Polymer
Many repeating identical subunits joined together
Macromolecule
large biological molecule
The three Macromolecules in all living things
Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids
Poly ?
Many
Polysaccharide
Polymers whose subunit is formed from monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
sugars
general formula for a carbohydrate
Cx (H2O)y as for every 2 hydrogen there is one oxygen
general formula for a monosaccharide
(CH2O)n = simple sugar
Monosaccharides are classified according to
the number of carbon atoms in each molecule
Trioses, Pentoses, Hexoses have how many carbons
3,5,6 carbon atoms
Name all sugars end in
….ose
Formula for a hexose
C6 H12 O6
What is a hydroxyl group
- OH
glucose
Alpha glucose
Beta glucose
Pentoses and hexoses have a chain long enough to form ?
A ring
Which carbon atoms are used to form a ring in
glucose
Carbon one joins onto the oxygen of carbon 5
- OH = hydroxyl group
is below the ring in
alpha glucose
-OH , hydroxyl group is
above the ring in
beta -glucose
Two forms of the same chemical
isomers
