Biological Molecules

Question 1

What elements do Carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

What is the term for a single sugar?

Answer 2

monosaccarides

Question 3

3 Monosaccradies =

Answer 3

Glucose
fructose
ribose

Question 4

2 disaccharides =

Answer 4

lactose

sucrose

Question 5

3 Polysaccharides =

Answer 5

glycogen
cellulose
starch

Question 6

Glucose =

Answer 6

C6H12O6

Question 7

What are the 2 Types of glucose?

Answer 7

Alpha

beta

Question 8

In a condensation reaction between 2 alpha glucose molecules what group reacts

Answer 8

The hydroxyl group

Question 9

In a condensation reaction what is removed

Answer 9

water

Question 10

Fructose + glucose =

Answer 10

sucrose

Question 11

Galactose + glucose =

Answer 11

lactose

Question 12

What bonds join many alpha glucose molecules?

Answer 12

glycosidic bonds

Question 13

Amylose have what type of glycosidic bonds?

Answer 13

1-4

Question 14

What shape are the ion chains in amylose

Answer 14

helical (helix)

Question 15

Amylopectin have what type of glycosidic bonds?

Answer 15

1-6

Question 16

Amylopectin is ….

Answer 16

Branched

Question 17

Does glycogen have more or less branches than amylopectin?

Answer 17

more

Question 18

What does the term reducing sugars mean?

Answer 18

able to donate electrons

Question 19

what is the test for testing for carbohydrates

Answer 19

Benedict’s reagent

Question 20

What is the method for testing for carbohydrates?

Answer 20

1. place sample in boiling tube
2. add equal volume of BR
3. heat gently in boiling water for 5 mins

Question 21

What will reducing sugars react with in the BR

Answer 21

copper ions

Question 22

What colour is a positive result for the BR test

Answer 22

Brick red

Question 23

Negative result for BR test is ..

Answer 23

blue

Question 24

What is the test for starch?

Answer 24

Iodine test

Question 25

What colour is a positive test for the iodine test

Answer 25

yellow/brown ------> purple/black

Question 26

What is the advantage of using reagent strips?

Answer 26

The concentration of the sugar can be determined

Question 27

What elements are lipids made of?

Answer 27

Carbon hydrogen oxygen

Question 28

Are lipids polar or non polar ?

Answer 28

non polar

Question 29

what are triglycerides made from

Answer 29

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains

Question 30

What are bonds within triglycerides

Answer 30

ester bonds

Question 31

What are Fatty acid chains with no double bonds are called?

Answer 31

saturated

Question 32

What are fatty acid chains with double bonds called?

Answer 32

unsaturated

Question 33

What is the purpose of Cholesterol within the plasma membrane?

Answer 33

regulate fluidity | adds stability

Question 34

What are the roles of lipids? | 4 roles

Answer 34

1. hormone production 2. electrical insulation 3. creation of hydrophobic barriers 4. waterproofing

Question 35

What is the test for lipids?

Answer 35

emulsion test

Question 36

Method of the emulsion test

Answer 36

1. mix sample with ethanol | postive result = white emulsion forms

Question 37

What are peptides and polymers made from?

Answer 37

amino acids

Question 38

What results in a different amino acid?

Answer 38

different r-groups

Question 39

Primary Structure =

Answer 39

sequence of amino acids

Question 40

Secondary structure =

Answer 40

hydrogen bonds form within the amino acid pulling it into a coil shape

Question 41

Tertiary structure =

Answer 41

folding of a protein into its final shape

Question 42

What bonds are involved in the formation of a proteins tertiary structure?

Answer 42

hydrogen bonds ionic bonds disulphide bonds

Question 43

what are the properties of globular proteins?

Answer 43

compact water soluble spherical

Question 44

How are globular proteins formed?

Answer 44

When proteins fold into their tertiary structure, in a way that the hydrophobic r-groups on the amino acids are kept away for the aqueous environment.

Question 45

What are conjugated proteins?

Answer 45

globular proteins that contain a prosthetic group

Question 46

Haemoglobin is a quaternary protein made from how many polypeptide chains?

Answer 46

4 2 alpha 2 beta each contain a prosthetic haem group

Question 47

What type of protein is keratin?

Answer 47

fibrous