Biological Molecules

Question 1

monomer

Answer 1

smaller units from which large molecules are made

Question 2

monomer eg

Answer 2

monosaccharides
amino acid
nucleotides

Question 3

condensation reaction

Answer 3

joins 2 molecules together, forms chemical bonds, eliminates water molecule

Question 4

hydrolysis

Answer 4

breaks chemical bond between 2 molecules, uses water molecule

Question 5

hydrogen bonding

Answer 5

uneven distribution of charge
polar molecule
electrostatic

Question 6

monosaccharides examples

Answer 6

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 7

carbohydrates

Answer 7

made of monosaccharides

Question 8

condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides

Answer 8

glycosidic bond

Question 9

disaccharide: maltose

Answer 9

glucose

glucose

Question 10

disaccharide: sucrose

Answer 10

glucose

fructose

Question 11

disaccharide: lactose

Answer 11

glucose

galactose

Question 12

monosaccharides

Answer 12

sweet
soluble
general formula: (CH2O)

Question 13

polysaccharides

Answer 13

condensation of many glucose

Question 14

glycogen

Answer 14

main energy store in animals

alpha glucose

1,4
1,6
glycosidic bonds

lots of side branches; energy released quickly as enzymes can act

compact- lots of energy

insoluble- won’t affect water potential

Question 15

starch

Answer 15

energy store in plants

alpha glucose

made of two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin

insoluble- wont affect water potential

compact

when hydrolysed, aloha glucose can be easily transported

Question 16

amylose

Answer 16

unbranched

alpha glucose

1,4 glycosidic

coiled, compact

Question 17

amylopectin

Answer 17

branches

alpha glucose

1,4
1,6
glycosidic bonds

many side branches

Question 18

cellulose

Answer 18

beta glucose

glycosidic

long, unbranched chains

microfibrils: strong threads of long cellulose molecules chains parallel, joined by hydrogen bonds- strong crosslinks

stops cells bursting under osmotic pressure

Question 19

lipids made of

Answer 19

hydrogen
carbon
oxygen

Question 20

lipid solubility

Answer 20

only in organic solvents, eg. alcohols

Question 21

triglycerides

Answer 21

formed from condensation of 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids

ester bond

difference comes from (un)saturated fatty acid

key in respiration and energy storage; insoluble and high C:H

Question 22

fatty acid

Answer 22

carboxyl group (COOH) with hydrocarbon chain attached

mono unsaturated or polyunsaturated

double bond can bend, so cant pack that tight, so liquid at room temp

Question 23

structure and properties of triglycerides

Answer 23

3

Question 24

roles of lipids

Answer 24

3

Question 25

triglyceride diagram

Answer 25

3

Question 26

phospholipid

Answer 26

3

Question 27

phospholipid polarity

Answer 27

3

Question 28

phospholipid diagram

Answer 28

3

Question 29

phospholipid structure and properties

Answer 29

3

Question 30

emulsion test

Answer 30

3

Question 31

amino acid general structure

Answer 31

4

Question 32

peptide bond

Answer 32

4

Question 33

primary structure

Answer 33

4

Question 34

secondary structure

Answer 34

4

Question 35

tertiary structure

Answer 35

4

Question 36

quaternary structure

Answer 36

4

Question 37

induced fit

Answer 37

4

Question 38

biuret test

Answer 38

4

Question 39

enzymes

Answer 39

4

Question 40

enzyme structure

Answer 40

4

Question 41

enzyme conc

Answer 41

4

Question 42

substrate conc

Answer 42

4

Question 43

ph

Answer 43

4

Question 44

temp

Answer 44

4

Question 45

competitive inhibitors

Answer 45

4

Question 46

non competitive inhibitors

Answer 46

4

Question 47

alpha glucose

Answer 47

2

Question 48

beta glucose

Answer 48

2