Biological molecules Flashcards
(42 cards)
explain why water is a polar molecule
uneven distribution of charge
hydrogen is more positive than oxygen
name 5 key features of water
- metabolite
- solvent
- high specific heat capacity
- large latent heat of vaporisation
- strong cohesion
what is the name of the reaction which joins monomers to form polymers
condensation (water is lost)
what is the name of the reaction which which breaks polymer chains into smaller units e.g. monomers
hydrolysis (water is added)
what elements are carbohydrates made up of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
what bonds are found in carbohydrates
glycosidic
what are the 2 isomers of glucose
alpha and beta glucose
which isomer of glucose has OH groups on the same side
alpha
name 3 disaccharides
maltose
sucrose
lactose
what monosaccharides form maltose
2 x glucose
what monosaccharides form sucrose
glucose + fructose
what monosaccharides form lactose
glucose + galactose
name 2 polysaccharides formed by the condensation of alpha glucose
starch
glycogen
what kind of glycosidic bonds are formed in glycogen
1,4 and 1,6
is glycogen a branched molecule?
yes , many side branches
starch is a mixture of which 2 polysaccharides
amylose and amylopectin
name 2 differences between amylose and amylopectin
- amylose is unbranched, whereas amylopectin has many side branches
- amylose has 1,4 glycosidic bonds, whereas amylopectin has both 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
what isomer of glucose is cellulose made up of
beta glucose
what are microfibrils
strong threads which are made up of long cellulose chains joined together by hydrogen bonds, provides structural support
what are lipids only soluble in
organic solvents e.g. alcohols
which types of lipids contain carbon-carbon double bonds
unsaturated
what components make up triglycerides
3 fatty acids
glycerol
what components make up phospholipids
phosphate group
are the tails of phospholipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic
hydrophobic
