Biological Molecules

Question 1

State the four major types of polysaccharides

Answer 1

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 2

Name two structural polysaccharides

Answer 2

Cellulose, Chitin

Question 3

Name two energy-storing polysaccharides

Answer 3

Glycogen, starch

Question 4

Name the energy-storing polysaccharide in animals

Answer 4

Glycogen

Question 5

Name the polysaccharide found in the cell walls of some fungi

Answer 5

Chitin

Question 6

Name the polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plant cells

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

What is a monosaccharide? Give an example

Answer 7

Sugar with a single subunit e.g. glucose

Question 8

State two functions of lipids in organisms.

Answer 8

Energy (fat stores), organ support and cushioning, structural component of membranes (i.e. part of phospholipids)

Question 9

What are the four levels of protein structure? Briefly explain each.

Answer 9

Primary- specific number and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
Secondary- interactions (i.e. hydrogen bonding) between amino acid side chains forming alpha-helices and beta-sheets.
Tertiary – the 3D shape of a single polypeptide due to interactions between alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
Quaternary – the 3D shape of a protein formed from two or more polypeptides.

Question 10

State three differences between DNA and RNA.

Answer 10

DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
DNA has deoxyribose sugar, RNA ribose sugar

Question 11

State the base-pairing rules in DNA.

Answer 11

A-T, C-G