biological molecules Flashcards
(39 cards)
what is the difference between condensation reactions and a hydrolysis
-condensation the formation of a bond (glycoidic) with the production of a water molcule
- hydrolisis the breaking f a bond by the addition of water molecules
what are carbohydrates made of
-hydrogen and oxygen
2 x as many H as N
what are 3 examples of monoscaarides (single suga molecules)
-fructose
-glucose
-galactose
-riibose
what is a disaccaride and give 2 examples
2 mono saccrides bonded together (glycocidic bond)
- sucrose ,maltose, lactose
what are sucrose made of
a-glucose+fructose
what are lactose made of
a-glucose+ galactose
what is cellulose made of
chain of beta glucose
what is a polyssacride and what are some examples
a chain of many saccrides
starch and cellulose
What is phosphorylation
A phosphate group activates an enzyme
Which term describes molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together?
polymers
name 4 types of monomers
monosaccarides
nucleotide
amino acids
fatty acids
what is a macromolecule
a large complecated moluculce
what are covalent bonds
what are hydrogen bonds
between slightly positive and negative ions
what are ionic bonds
transfer of electrons between metals and non metals forms ions which are attracted each
why are endopeptidaes and exopeptidaes
endopeptidase hydrolise bonds in the middle wherease exopeptidase hydrolise
diffrence between alpha glucose and beta glucose
- beta glucose has the oh group on the top
what bond forms between 2 mono saccrides in a condestion reaction
glycosidic
what is maltose made of
2 monomers of alpha glucose
what are the 2 forms of startch
-amylose- singular long coiled chain- quickly be released via hydrolosis
-amylopectin- branched chains cannot coill- more than one glucose molecule can be released at once
is starch souable
no dosnt affect osmosis and cannot diffuse out of cells
found in animal and bacterial cells
what is glycogen
-branched alpha glucose chain
- found in bacteria, animal, muscle and liver cells
what type of glycosidic bond is formed between 2 monosaccride
covalent bonds
