BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Question 1

methane and other compounds composed of only hydrogen and oxygen

Answer 1

hydrocarbons

Question 2

the chain of carbon atoms in organic molecules

Answer 2

carbon skeleton

Question 3

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

Answer 3

isomers

Question 4

large biological polymers

Answer 4

macromolecules

Question 5

Living things are made up of 4 macromolecules, being:

Answer 5

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 6

ranges from small sugar molecules to large polysaccharides

Answer 6

carbohydrates

Question 7

molecular formulas that are multiples of CH2O

Answer 7

monosaccharides

Question 8

a process where cells link monomers together to form polymers

Answer 8

dehydration synthesis

Question 9

to break “lyse” with water

Answer 9

hydrolysis

Question 10

polymer of 100-1000+ monosaccharides linked together

Answer 10

polysaccharide

Question 11

double sugar

Answer 11

disaccharide

Question 12

consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Answer 12

lipid

Question 13

In lipids, hydrogen atoms are linked by ___________.

Answer 13

nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 14

Lipids are hydro_____.

Answer 14

phobic

Question 15

fatty acids and fats with double bonds

Answer 15

unsaturated

Question 16

Lipids _____ tightly together and solidify at room temperature.

Answer 16

do not pack

Question 17

having maximum number of hydrogens

Answer 17

saturated

Question 18

contain phosphorus and 2 fatty acids

Answer 18

phospholipids

Question 19

consist of one fatty acid linked to alcohol

Answer 19

waxes

Question 20

carbon skeleton forms 4 fused rings

Answer 20

steroids

Question 21

common substance in animal cell membranes

Answer 21

cholesterol

Question 22

biological polymers constructed from amino acid monomers

Answer 22

proteins

Question 23

proteios means __________

Answer 23

first place

Question 24

The major classes of proteins (7)

Answer 24

1. Structural
2. Contractile
3. Storage
4. Defensive
5. Transport
6. Signal
7. Enzymes

Question 25

includes silk of spiders, hair of mammals and fibers that make up our tendons and ligaments

Answer 25

structural proteins

Question 26

proteins that provide muscular movement

Answer 26

contractile proteins

Question 27

- the main substance of egg whites - serves as a source of amino acids for developing embryos

Answer 27

Ovalbumin

Question 28

includes antibodies

Answer 28

defensive proteins

Question 29

hemoglobin, an iron containing protein in blood that conveys oxygen from our lungs to other parts of body

Answer 29

transport proteins

Question 30

includes certain hormones which help coordinate body activities

Answer 30

signal proteins

Question 31

- most important class of protein - serves as a chemical catalyst

Answer 31

enzymes

Question 32

enzyme found in tears and white blood cells

Answer 32

lysozyme

Question 33

polypeptide chains unravel, losing specific shape and function

Answer 33

denaturation

Question 34

4 successive levels of protein structure:

Answer 34

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

Question 35

- important transport protein found in blood - transports hormone from the thyroid gland and vitamin A

Answer 35

transthyretin

Question 36

secondary structure which results from the coiling of a polypeptide chain

Answer 36

alpha helix

Question 37

a transthyretin polypeptide has a __________ shape

Answer 37

globular

Question 38

relationship among multiple polypeptides of a protein

Answer 38

quaternary

Question 39

polymers that serve as blueprints for proteins

Answer 39

nucleic acids

Question 40

Types of Nucleic Acids (2)

Answer 40

1. DNA 2. RNA

Question 41

genes are within the _____

Answer 41

DNA

Question 42

monomers that make up nucleic acids

Answer 42

nucleotides

Question 43

A, C, G, U

Answer 43

RNA

Question 44

A, C, G, T

Answer 44

DNA

Question 45

Functional Groups (4) :

Answer 45

1. Hydroxyl 2. Carbonyl 3. Carboxyl 4. Amino

Question 46

hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen atom

Answer 46

hydroxyl

Question 47

organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups

Answer 47

alcohol

Question 48

carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom

Answer 48

carbonyl

Question 49

carbon atom of carbonyl group is at end of skeleton

Answer 49

aldehyde

Question 50

carbonyl groups within carbon chain

Answer 50

ketones

Question 51

oxygen double bonded to carbon bonded to hydroxyl

Answer 51

carboxyl

Question 52

nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms

Answer 52

amino group

Question 53

organic compounds with amino groups

Answer 53

amines