Biological Molecules

Question 1

Where can you find DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Four macromolecules

Answer 2

1. Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA)
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. Carbohydrates

Question 3

Another name for macromolecules

Answer 3

polymers

Question 4

Monomers

Answer 4

The building blocks of polymers. Small molecules that join to form macromolecules

Question 5

What makes lipids unique?

Answer 5

Polarity. They are generally non-polar, but some parts of some lipids can be polar

Question 6

Pol

Question 7

The monomer of lipids

Answer 7

None. It’s just one molecule

Question 8

Monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 8

sugars

Question 9

Monomer of Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA)

Answer 9

nucleotides

Question 10

Monomer of proteins

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

Function of lipids

Answer 11

cell membrane and energy

Question 12

Function of proteins

Answer 12

cell structure and support. Physical shape to things.

Question 13

Function of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

Answer 13

carry genetic info

Question 14

Function of carbs

Answer 14

energy

Question 15

What differentiates amino acids from one another?

Answer 15

Their R group (also called side chain)

Question 16

How do different types of carbohydrates form?

Answer 16

Bonding. The type of carb that forms depends on where the bonds between the sugars are formed.

Question 17

Directionality

Answer 17

the order in which the monomers attach to one another to form a macromolecule

Question 18

What is the importance of directionality?

Answer 18

The function and structure of the macromolecule depends on the directionality of its monomers

Question 19

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 19

The process of “putting monomers together” (directionality)

Question 20

In dehydration synthesis, _____ is always lost

Answer 20

A water molecule (H20)

Question 21

The type of bond formed in dehydration synthesis

Answer 21

covalent bond/peptide bond

Question 22

to break covalent bonds, we can ___

Answer 22

Add water

Question 23

Hydrolysis

Answer 23

The reversal of dehydration synthesis; breaking monomer chains by adding water

Question 24

The two different types of Nucleic acids

Answer 24

DNA & RNA

Question 25

The monomers of nucleic acid are nucleotides. What are the 3 components of nucleotides?

Answer 25

1. a 5-carbon sugar 2. a phosphate group 3. a nitrogenous base

Question 26

What are the differences between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide?

Answer 26

DNA: deoxyribose sugar RNA: ribose sugar

Question 27

4 nucleotides in DNA

Answer 27

* adenine (A) * cytosine (C) * guanine (G) * thymine (T)

Question 28

4 nucleotides in RNA

Answer 28

* adenine (A) * cytosine (C) * guanine (G) * uracil (U)

Question 29

How does a DNA nucleotide look like?

Answer 29

Question 30

How does a RNA nucleotide look like?

Answer 30

Question 31

This diagram shows the directionality of a RNA and a DNA nucleotide. What does 5' and 3' mean?

Answer 31

(Read as 5 prime and 3 prime). The ends of the DNA/RNA molecule. The 5' end joins with phosphate and the 3' end with the nitrogenous base in the nucleotide

Question 32

DNA is anti-parallel. What does this mean?

Answer 32

the 2 strands of the helix run in opposite directions

Question 33

How many amino acids are there and how do we get them?

Answer 33

20; through your diet

Question 34

What part of the amino acids makes it different from other amino acids?

Answer 34

The R chain

Question 35

How do proteins get their structure?

Answer 35

Based on the order/sequence of the amino acid chains

Question 36

What is the directionality of a protein?

Answer 36

It has a carboxyl group on one end and an amino group on the other end.

Question 37

Some examples of lipids

Answer 37

a. cholesterol b. triglyceride c. phospholipids d. fatty acids

Question 38

common factors between the different lipids

Answer 38

- All have a hydrocarbon tail with carbon on the inside and hydrogen outside

Question 39

Significance of hydrocarbons

Answer 39

- Have huge amount of energy - non-polar. They do not like water (that’s why oil & water don’t mix)

Question 40

Phospholipids are unique among lipids because

Answer 40

They have a polar portion

Question 41

Lipids in cell membrane are amphipathic. What does it mean?

Answer 41

Have one polar end that attracts water and on non-polar ends that repels it

Question 42

Saturated fats (solids)

Answer 42

Have hydrogen molecules throughout and are straight Solid at room temperature (butter)

Question 43

Unsaturated fats (liquids)

Answer 43

Do not have hydrogen molecules throughout and bend where hydrogen is missing because a double bond forms Liquid at room temperature

Question 44

How can you make an unsaturated fat solid at room temperature?

Answer 44

Add hydrogen. Manipulated fats like these are trans fats and not very healthy for your heart

Question 45

Amylose sugar is different from glycogen sugar in their

Answer 45

Bonding. Amylose= straight Glycogen= spherical

Question 46

Glucose

Answer 46

Sugar with the chemical formula glucose, a six-carbon sugar with the formula