Biological Molecules Flashcards
(24 cards)
Benedict’s Test for what?
Simple sugars ( glucose)
Iodine tests for what?
Starch
Biuret’s test for what?
Proteins
Emulsion test for what?
Fats
Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Glucose has the molecular formula C6H12O6.
energy source which is broken down during respiration
monomer for Starch and Cellulose
two different kinds of glucose monomers
Where is alpha glucose
Bottom Right (HO)
What is a monomer?
Simple molecule which is used as a basic building block to make
Where is beta glucose
Top Right (OH)
What is a polymer?
Many monomers are joined together to make the polymer, usually by condensation reactions e.g. monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotide.
e.g. polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule?
These are large and complex molecules that are formed due to polymerisation of smaller monomers e.g. polysaccharides, nucleic acid
What is a monosaccharide?
Single sugar unit, the simplest form of carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolysed further.
general formula of (CH2O)n.
What is a disaccharide?
A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond.
What is a polysaccharide?
A polymer whose subunits are monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds.
What is a glycosidic bond?
Covalent bonds that occur between monomers
How are glycosidic bonds formed?
Due to a condensation reaction which involves the removal of a water molecule in order to form polysaccharides and disaccharides.
How to separate a glycosidic bond.
By hydrolysis which breaks the glycosidic bond between monomers
List the types of polysaccharides.
Starch, Glycogen & Cellulose
Define triglycerides.
Lipids:formed by the condensation of 3 fatty acid chains and a glycerol molecule, forming an ester bond.Fatty acid chains are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic head.
Glycerol is an alcohol containing 3 OH groups.
Types of fatty acids
Unsaturated fats
Saturated fats
Roles of triglycerides.
-Better energy reserves than carbohydrates as they have more C-H bonds
-Acts as a heat insulator and provides buoyancy
-A metabolic source of water as it gives CO2 and H2O on oxidation during respiration
The four protein structures:
Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Types of proteins:
Globular protein
Fibrous Protein
Hemoglobin
Sickle cell anemia
Collagen
Properties of water
Hydrogen bonding
Solvent
High surface tension and cohesion
High specific heat capacity
High latent heat of vaporization
Density and freezing properties
Properties of phospholipids
Hydrophilic head
Hydrophilic tail
Makes cell membranes
Involved in transport
