Biological Molecules

Question 1

Describe and explain what disaccharides are?

Question 2

What are the four main types of biological molecules?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 3

True or False: Enzymes are a type of lipid.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is called a ______.

Answer 4

monosaccharide.

Question 5

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

Answer 5

To serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.

Question 6

Which biological molecule is primarily involved in genetic information storage?

Answer 6

Nucleic acids.

Question 7

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Sucrose C) Glycogen

Answer 7

B) Sucrose.

Question 8

What type of bond links amino acids together?

Answer 8

Peptide bonds.

Question 9

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its ______.

Answer 10

shape and function.

Question 11

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 11

DNA and RNA.

Question 12

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A) Fructose B) Cellulose C) Galactose

Answer 12

B) Cellulose.

Question 13

What is the role of ATP in biological systems?

Answer 13

To store and transfer energy.

Question 14

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: Fatty acids can be classified as ______ or saturated.

Answer 15

unsaturated.

Question 16

What is the structural feature that distinguishes RNA from DNA?

Answer 16

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 17

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids? A) Energy storage B) Insulation C) Catalyzing reactions

Answer 17

C) Catalyzing reactions.

Question 18

What is the term for a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

Answer 18

Catalyst.

Question 19

True or False: All carbohydrates are sweet to taste.

Answer 19

False.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The primary energy currency of the cell is ______.

Answer 20

ATP.

Question 21

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 21

Amino acids.

Question 22

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? A) They are consumed in reactions B) They increase activation energy C) They are specific to substrates

Answer 22

C) They are specific to substrates.

Question 23

What type of lipid is characterized by a glycerol backbone and fatty acid chains?

Answer 23

Triglycerides.

Question 24

True or False: DNA is a single-stranded molecule.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing proteins from amino acids is called ______.

Answer 25

translation.

Question 26

What is the function of cellulose in plants?

Answer 26

To provide structural support.

Question 27

Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a steroid? A) Cholesterol B) Glucose C) Glycogen

Answer 27

A) Cholesterol.

Question 28

What is the term for the sugar component of nucleotides?

Answer 28

Pentose sugar.

Question 29

True or False: Proteins can be denatured by changes in temperature and pH.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The main type of lipid found in cell membranes is ______.

Answer 30

phospholipids.

Question 31

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 31

To transfer genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 32

Multiple choice: Which bond is formed between monosaccharides to create disaccharides? A) Ionic bond B) Glycosidic bond C) Hydrogen bond

Answer 32

B) Glycosidic bond.

Question 33

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Answer 33

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 34

True or False: Essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.

Answer 34

False.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by ______ interactions.

Answer 35

R-group.

Question 36

What is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

Answer 36

They have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 37

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates? A) Energy source B) Hormonal regulation C) Immune response

Answer 37

A) Energy source.

Question 38

What is the process by which enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction called?

Answer 38

Catalysis.

Question 39

True or False: Nucleotides consist of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Answer 39

True.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the ______ of an organism.

Answer 40

genetic code.

Question 41

What type of reaction joins amino acids together?

Answer 41

Dehydration synthesis.

Question 42

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Storage B) Transport C) Both A and B

Answer 42

C) Both A and B.

Question 43

What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

Answer 43

Phospholipid bilayer.

Question 44

True or False: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 44

True.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The structural formula of glucose is C6H12O6, making it a ______.

Answer 45

monosaccharide.