Biological molecules Flashcards
(15 cards)
hexose monosaccharide examples
- α/β-glucose
- fructose
- galactose
disaccharide examples (and their components)
- sucrose (fructose + glucose)
- lactose (glucose + galactose)
- maltose (α glucose + α glucose)
what enzyme catalysed the reaction of peptide bonds?
peptidyl transferase
how many amino acids are there?
20
three types of amino acids (how many of each)
- essential (11)
- non-essential (9)
- conditionally essential (8)
pentose monosaccharides examples
- ribose
- deoxyribose
what type of molecules are lipids?
macromolecules
what bonds are present in secondary protein structures?
- H bonds (between joints in α helixes and between peaks in β pleated sheets)
what bonds and interactions are present in tertiary protein structures?
- disulfide bridges
- H bonds
- ionic bonds
- hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions
what amino acid forms disulfide bridges?
cysteine (R group contains sulfur)
who provided evidence for semi-conservative replication?
Meselson and Stahl (replicated a sample of normal ligh N DNA with only heavy N nucleotides and centrifuged to see different proportions of layers)
how many bonds form between each base pair?
CG: 3
AT: 2
why are the complementary base pairing rules beneficial?
- always equal amounts of A+T and C+G
- size difference/ purine always bonds with a pyramidine maintains a constant distance between two DNA backbones (keep it (anti)parallel)
which direction does DNA polymerase move in?
3’ to 5’
why does DNA polymerase move in the direction it does?
- carbons on ribose sugar are numbered clockwise from the O in the ring
- DNA polymerase binds at carbon 3
- moved in direction of carbon 5 (forming phosphodiester bonds between groups on carbon 3 and 5)
