Biological Molecules Flashcards
(34 cards)
What elements does carbohydrate, fats, and protein have?
Carbohydrate - C,H,O
Fats - C,H,O
Protein - C,H,O,N
Name the three types of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysacharides
What are monosaccharides?
- simple sugar
- breakdown fast
- used for immediate energy
Examples of monosaccharides
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
Examples of disaccharides
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose
What are polysaccharides?
- complex sugar
- longer to breakdown
Examples of polysaccharides
- starch
- cellulose
- glycogen
Function of carbohydrate
- primary source of energy
- respiration for all chemical reaction and movement
How much energy does carbohydrate give?
17kJ (kilojoules)
What are the tests for carbohydrate?
Iodine test - starch
Benedict test - reducing sugar
Steps for iodine test
- drop few drops of iodine solution on the food
- positive results: yellow brown to blue black; negative result: no change
Steps for benedict test
- crush food
- add in benedict solution
- prepare waterbacth 75-80C
- place test tube into water bath for 2 minutes
- positive results: blue to orange to yellow to green to brick red; negative results: no change
What is hydrolysis?
Breakdown of disaccharides or polysaccharides using water
What is condensation?
Formation of disaccharides or where it produces water
What are the simplest forms of fat?
- glycerol
- fatty acid
Functions of fat
- 2nd source of energy
- insulator
- cushion for internal organs
- phospholipid bilayer
How much energy does fat give?
39kJ (kilojoules)
Other names for fat
- lipid
- adipose tissue (under skin)
- blubber (for cold weather animal)
Types of fat
- saturated
- non-saturated
Differences between saturated and non-saturated fat
Saturated - animal source, solid at room temperature, longer to digest
Non-saturated - plant source, liquid at room temperature
What is the test for fat?
Emulsion test
Steps for emulsion test
- Prepare two tubes: one with water, one with food and ethanol
- Mix the ethanol and water well
- Decant the ethanol into water gently
- positive results: clear, cloudy to murky; negative results: no change
What is the simplest form of protein?
Amino acid
Functions of protein
- growth and production
- production of: enzymes, antibodies, hormones, haemoglobin
