Biological Molecules Flashcards
(24 cards)
Name the 3 examples of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Give an example of a triose
Glyceraldehyde
Name the 3 examples of monosaccharides
Triose
Pentose
Hexose
Give examples of a pentose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Give examples of a hexose
Alpha-Glucose
Beta-Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Why are pentose important
They are important for making DNA and RNA
Why are hexose important
They are important for making disaccharides. Used by the body for energy
Name the 3 examples of disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
Which 2 monomers make up maltose
Alpha-Glucose & Alpha-Glucose
Which 2 monomers make up sucrose
Alpha-Glucose & Fructose
Which 2 monomers make up lactose
Galactose & Alpha-Glucose
Where is maltose used in living organisms
Product of starch digestion
Where is sucrose used in living organisms
Table sugar
Where is lactose used in living organisms
Milk sugar
Name an example of a polysaccharide
Glycogen
What is glycogen
Glycogen is a branched polymer of alpha-glucose
What is the function of glycogen
It is used by the human body as an energy store on muscle and liver cells.
As it is a branched it can be easily hydrolysed back into alpha-glucose.
Name the 5 examples of lipids
Triglyceride
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
Phospholipid
Steroids
Why is triglyceride important
They are important for insulation, energy store and protecting delicate organs.
It is made from glycerol and three fatty acids
What does glycerol do
It joins with 3 fatty acids via condensation reactions to form a triglyceride
What are the 3 types of fatty acids
Saturated = no carbon-carbon double bonds
Unsaturated = contains 1 carbon-carbon double bond
Polyunsaturated = contains 2 or more carbon-carbon bonds
