Biological molecules

Question 1

General formula of Carbohydrates

Answer 1

(CH2O)n

Question 2

2 types of monosaccharides

Answer 2

Ketose (ketone-based)

Aldose (aldehyde-based)

Question 3

Where is the C=O bond located in ketose?

Answer 3

Middle

Question 4

Where is the C=O bond located in aldose?

Answer 4

Ends

Question 5

State the 2 configurations of glucose & OH position

Answer 5

α-D-glucose (OH group below the ring)

β-D-glucose (OH group is above the ring)

Question 6

Structure of glucose (4)

Answer 6

• Aldose
• Hexose
• D-configuration (asymmetric C-atom most distant to the functional group is towards the right)
• Can exist in long chain (synthetic) or ring structure

Question 7

Monomers that make up sucrose

Answer 7

α-D-glucose + β-D-fructose

Question 8

Monomers that make up lactose

Answer 8

α-D-glucose + β-D-galactose

Question 9

Structure of glycogen

Answer 9

• Aldose
• Hexose
• Branched structure (central sugar backbone chain & branches)
• Compact
• Glycogen storage in muscles
• α-1,4 glycosidic bond & α-1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 10

Why can’t cellulose be broken down in body?

Answer 10

Each β-D-glucose rotates 180°, causing the OH group to switch positions.
Alterations of the OH groups

Question 11

Monomers that make up cellulose

Answer 11

β-D-glucose

Question 12

Which blood group is the universal donor?

Answer 12

Blood group O

Question 13

What antibodies are found in plasma of blood group A?

Answer 13

Anti-B

Question 14

How is blood group O different from other blood groups?

Answer 14

has one less sugar