Biological molecules - Carbohydrates Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is a monomer?
A smaller unit from which larger molecules such as polymers can be made through condensation reactions
Examples include monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides.
What is a polymer?
A larger molecule consisting of smaller repeating units called monomers
Examples include polysaccharides, proteins, DNA/RNA.
Name three monosaccharides.
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
What type of bond do monosaccharides form?
Glycosidic bonds via condensation reactions
What is maltose composed of?
Glucose + Glucose
What is sucrose composed of?
Glucose + Fructose
What is lactose composed of?
Glucose + Galactose
What type of glycosidic bonds does amylose have?
1-4 Glycosidic bonds
What type of glycosidic bonds does amylopectin have?
1-4/1-6 Glycosidic bonds
What type of glycosidic bonds does glycogen have?
1-4/1-6 Glycosidic bonds
What type of glycosidic bonds does cellulose have?
1-4 Glycosidic bonds
Describe the structure of amylose.
Helix with H bonds so compact
Large does not diffuse out of cells
Insoluble so no osmotic effect
Describe the structure of amylopectin.
Branched so fast hydrolysis into glucose
Large so does not diffuse out of cells
Insoluble so no osmotic effect
Describe the structure of glycogen.
Highly branched so fast hydrolysis to glucose
Large so doesnt diffuse out of cells
Insoluble so no osmotic effect
Describe the structure of cellulose.
Straight chain with H bonds between them.
Large so doesnt move out of cells
Insoluble so no osmotic effect
What type of glucose does amylopectin and glycogen contain?
Alpha glucose
What type of glucose does cellulose contain?
Beta glucose
